Summa - Supplement

Rainaldo da Piperno (?) The Summa Theologica - Supplement Benziger Bros. edition, 1947. Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province Public Domain Benziger Bros. edition, 1947 - CCEL.ORG Public domain

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SUPPLEMENT (XP): TO THE THIRD PART OF THE SUMMA THEOLOGICA OF ST. THOMAS AQUINAS GATHERED FROM HIS COMMENTARY ON BOOK IV OF THE SENTENCES (Questions £[1]-99) EDITOR'S NOTE: 20 Q1: OF THE PARTS OF PENANCE, IN PARTICULAR, AND FIRST OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) 21 Whether contrition is an assumed sorrow for sins, together with the purpose of confessing them and of making satisfaction for them? 22 Whether contrition is an act of virtue? 23 Whether attrition can become contrition? 40 Q2: OF THE OBJECT OF CONTRITION (SIX ARTICLES) 41 Whether man should be contrite on account of the punishment, and not only on account of his sin? 42 Whether contrition should be on account of original sin? 43 Whether we should have contrition for every actual sin? 44 Whether a man is bound to have contrition for his future sins? 45 Whether a man ought to have contrition for another's sin? 46 Whether it is necessary to have contrition for each mortal sin? 60 Q3: OF THE DEGREE OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) 61 Whether contrition is the greatest possible sorrow in the world? 62 Whether the sorrow of contrition can be too great? 63 Whether sorrow for one sin should be greater than for another? 80 Q4: OF THE TIME FOR CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) 81 Whether the whole of this life is the time for contrition? 82 Whether it is expedient to grieve for sin continually? 83 Whether our souls are contrite for sins even after this life? 100 Q5: OF THE EFFECT OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) 101 Whether the forgiveness of sin is the effect of contrition? 102 Whether contrition can take away the debt of punishment entirely? 103 Whether slight contrition suffices to blot out great sins? 120 Q6: OF CONFESSION, AS REGARDS ITS NECESSITY (SIX ARTICLES) 121 Whether confession is necessary for salvation? 122 Whether confession is according to the natural law? 123 Whether all are bound to confession? 124 Whether it is lawful for a man to confess a sin which he has not committed? 125 Whether one is bound to confess at once? 126 Whether one can be dispensed from confession? 140 Q7: OF THE NATURE OF CONFESSION (THREE ARTICLES) 141 Whether Augustine fittingly defines confession? 142 Whether confession is an act of virtue? 143 Whether confession is an act of the virtue of penance? 160 Q8: OF THE MINISTER OF CONFESSION (SEVEN ARTICLES) 161 Whether it is necessary to confess to a priest? 162 Whether it is ever lawful to confess to another than a priest? 163 Whether, outside a case of necessity, anyone who is not a priest may hear the confession of venial sins? 164 Whether it is necessary for one to confess to one's own priest? 165 Whether it is lawful for anyone to confess to another than his own priest, in virtue of a privilege or a command given by a superior? 166 Whether a penitent, at the point of death, can be absolved by any priest? 167 Whether the temporal punishment is imposed according to the degree of the fault? 180 Q9: OF THE QUALITY OF CONFESSION (FOUR ARTICLES) 181 Whether confession can be lacking in form? 182 Whether confession should be entire? 183 Whether one may confess through another, or by writing? 184 Whether the sixteen conditions usually assigned are necessary for confession? 200 Q10: OF THE EFFECT OF CONFESSION (FIVE ARTICLES) 201 Whether confession delivers one from the death of sin? 202 Whether confession delivers from punishment in some way? 203 Whether confession opens paradise? 204 Whether confession gives hope of salvation? 205 Whether a general confession suffices to blot out forgotten mortal sins? 220 Q11: OF THE SEAL OF CONFESSION (FIVE ARTICLES) 221 Whether in every case the priest is bound to hide the sins which he knows under the seal of confession? 222 Whether the seal of confession extends to other matters than those which have reference to confession? 223 Whether the priest alone is bound by the seal of confession? 224 Whether by the penitent's permission, a priest may reveal to another a sin which he knows under the seal of confession? 225 Whether a man may reveal that which he knows through confession and through some other source besides? 240 Q12: OF SATISFACTION, AS TO ITS NATURE (THREE ARTICLES) 241 Whether satisfaction is a virtue or an act of virtue? 242 Whether satisfaction is an act of justice? 243 Whether the definition of satisfaction given in the text is suitable? 260 Q13: OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SATISFACTION (TWO ARTICLES) 261 Whether man can make satisfaction to God? 262 Whether one man can fulfill satisfactory punishment for another? 280 Q14: OF THE QUALITY OF SATISFACTION (FIVE ARTICLES) 281 Whether a man can satisfy for one sin without satisfying for another? 282 Whether, when deprived of charity, a man can make satisfaction for sins for which he was previously contrite? 283 Whether previous satisfaction begins to avail after man is restored to charity? 284 Whether works done without charity merit any, at least temporal, good? 285 Whether the aforesaid works avail for the mitigation of the pains of hell? 300 Q15: OF THE MEANS OF MAKING SATISFACTION (THREE ARTICLES) 301 Whether satisfaction must be made by means of penal works? 302 Whether the scourges of the present life are satisfactory? 303 Whether the works of satisfaction are suitably enumerated? 320 Q16 OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE (THREE ARTICLES) 321 Whether penance can be in the innocent? 322 Whether the saints in glory have penance? 323 Whether an angel can be the subject of penance? 340 Q17: OF THE POWER OF THE KEYS (THREE ARTICLES) 341 Whether there should be keys in the Church? 342 Whether the key is the power of binding and loosing, etc.? 343 Whether there are two keys or only one? 360 Q18: OF THE EFFECT OF THE KEYS (FOUR ARTICLES) 361 Whether the power of the keys extends to the remission of guilt? 362 Whether a priest can remit sin as to the punishment? 363 Whether the priest can bind through the power of the keys? 364 Whether the priest can bind and loose according to his own judgment? 380 Q19: OF THE MINISTERS OF THE KEYS (SIX ARTICLES) 381 Whether the priest of the Law had the keys? 382 Whether Christ had the key? 383 Whether priests alone have the keys? 384 Whether holy men who are not priests have the keys? 385 Whether wicked priests have the use of the keys? 386 Whether those who are schismatics, heretics, excommunicate, suspended or degraded have the use of the keys? 400 Q20: OF THOSE ON WHOM THE POWER OF THE KEYS CAN BE EXERCISED (THREE ARTICLES) 401 Whether a priest can use the key which he has, on any man? 402 Whether a priest can always absolve his subject? 403 Whether a man can use the keys with regard to his superior? 420 Q21: OF THE DEFINITION, CONGRUITY AND CAUSE OF EXCOMMUNICATION (FOUR ARTICLES) 421 Whether excommunication is suitably defined as separation from the communion of the Church, etc? 422 Whether the Church should excommunicate anyone? 423 Whether anyone should be excommunicated for inflicting temporal harm? 424 Whether an excommunication unjustly pronounced has any effect? 440 Q22: OF THOSE WHO CAN EXCOMMUNICATE OR BE EXCOMMUNICATED (SIX ARTICLES) 441 Whether every priest can excommunicate? 442 Whether those who are not priests can excommunicate? 443 Whether a man who is excommunicated or suspended can excommunicate another? 444 Whether a man can excommunicate himself, his equal, or his superior? 445 Whether a sentence of excommunication can be passed on a body of men? 446 Whether a man can be excommunicated who is already under sentence of excommunication? 460 Q23: OF COMMUNICATION WITH EXCOMMUNICATED PERSONS (THREE ARTICLES) 461 Whether it is lawful, in matters purely corporal, to communicate with an excommunicated person? 462 Whether a person incurs excommunication for communicating with one who is excommunicated? 463 Whether it is always a mortal sin to communicate with an excommunicated person in other cases than those in which it is allowed? 480 Q24: OF ABSOLUTION FROM EXCOMMUNICATION (THREE ARTICLES) 481 Whether any priest can absolve his subject from excommunication? 482 Whether anyone can be absolved against his will? 483 Whether a man can be absolved from one excommunication without being absolved from all? 500 Q25: OF INDULGENCES (THREE ARTICLES) 501 Whether an indulgence can remit any part of the punishment due for the satisfaction of sins? 502 Whether indulgences are as effective as they claim to be? 503 Whether an indulgence ought to be granted for temporal help? 520 Q26: OF THOSE WHO CAN GRANT INDULGENCES (FOUR ARTICLES) 521 Whether every parish priest can grant indulgences? 522 Whether a deacon or another who is not a priest can grant an indulgence? 523 Whether a bishop can grant indulgences? 524 Whether indulgences can be granted by one who is in mortal sin? 540 Q27: OF THOSE WHOM INDULGENCES AVAIL (FOUR ARTICLES) 541 Whether an indulgence avails those who are in mortal sin? 542 Whether indulgences avail religious? 543 Whether an indulgence can ever be granted to one who does not fulfill the conditions required? 544 Whether an indulgence avails the person who grants it? 560 Q28: OF THE SOLEMN RITE OF PENANCE (THREE ARTICLES) 561 Whether a penance should be published or solemnized? 562 Whether a solemn penance can be repeated? 563 Whether solemn penance should be imposed on women and clerics, and whether any priest can impose it? 580 Q29: OF EXTREME UNCTION, AS REGARDS ITS ESSENCE AND INSTITUTION (NINE ARTICLES) 581 Whether Extreme Unction is a sacrament? 582 Whether Extreme Unction is one sacrament? 583 Whether this sacrament was instituted by Christ? 584 Whether olive oil is a suitable matter for this sacrament? 585 Whether the oil ought to be consecrated? 586 Whether the matter of this sacrament need be consecrated by a bishop? 587 Whether this sacrament has a form? 588 Whether the form of this sacrament should be expressed by way of assertion or of petition? 589 Whether the foregoing prayer is a suitable form for this sacrament? 600 Q30: OF THE EFFECT OF THIS SACRAMENT (THREE ARTICLES) 601 Whether Extreme Unction avails for the remission of sins? 602 Whether bodily health is an effect of this sacrament? 603 Whether this sacrament imprints a character? 620 Q31: OF THE MINISTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (THREE ARTICLES) 621 Whether a layman can confer this sacrament? 622 Whether deacons can confer this sacrament? 623 Whether none but a bishop can confer this sacrament? 640 Q32: ON WHOM SHOULD THIS SACRAMENT BE CONFERRED AND ON WHAT PART OF THE BODY? (SEVEN ARTICLES) 641 Whether this sacrament ought to be conferred on those who are in good health? 642 Whether this sacrament ought to be given in any kind of sickness? 643 Whether this sacrament ought to be given to madmen and imbeciles? 644 Whether this sacrament should be given to children? 645 Whether the whole body should be anointed in this sacrament? 646 Whether the parts to be anointed are suitably assigned? 647 Whether those who are deformed in those parts should be anointed? 660 Q33: OF THE REPETITION OF THIS SACRAMENT (TWO ARTICLES) 661 Whether this sacrament ought to be repeated? 662 Whether this sacrament ought to be repeated during the same sickness? 680 Q34: OF THE SACRAMENT OF ORDER AS TO ITS ESSENCE AND ITS PARTS (FIVE ARTICLES) 681 Whether there should be Order in the Church? 682 Whether Order is properly defined? 683 Whether Order is a sacrament? 684 Whether the form of this sacrament is suitably expressed? 685 Whether this sacrament has any matter? 700 Q35: OF THE EFFECT OF THIS SACRAMENT (FIVE ARTICLES) 701 Whether sanctifying grace is conferred in the sacrament of Order? 702 Whether in the sacrament of Order a character is imprinted in connection with all the Orders? 703 Whether the character of Order presupposes the baptismal character? 704 Whether the character of Order necessarily presupposes the character of Confirmation? 705 Whether the character of one Order necessarily presupposes the character of another Order? 720 Q36: OF THE QUALITIES REQUIRED OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE THIS SACRAMENT (FIVE ARTICLES) 721 Whether goodness of life is required of those who receive Orders? 722 Whether knowledge of all Holy Writ is required? 723 Whether a man obtains the degrees of Order by the merit of one's life? 724 Whether he who raises the unworthy to Orders commits a sin? 725 Whether a man who is in sin can without sin exercise the Order he has received? £[*Cf. TP, Question £[64], Article £[6]] 740 Q37: OF THE DISTINCTION OF ORDERS, OF THEIR ACTS, AND THE IMPRINTING OF THE CHARACTER (FIVE ARTICLES) 741 Whether we ought to distinguish several Orders? 742 Whether there are seven Orders? 743 Whether the Order should be divided into those that are sacred and those that are not? 744 Whether the acts of the Orders are rightly assigned in the text? 745 Whether the character is imprinted on a priest when the chalice is handed to him? 760 Q38: OF THOSE WHO CONFER THIS SACRAMENT (TWO ARTICLES) 761 Whether a bishop alone confers the sacrament of Order? 762 Whether heretics and those who are cut off from the Church can confer Orders? £[*Cf. TP, Question £[64], Articles £[5],9] 780 Q39: OF THE IMPEDIMENTS TO THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES) 781 Whether the female sex is an impediment to receiving Orders? 782 Whether boys and those who lack the use of reason can receive Orders? 783 Whether the state of slavery is an impediment to receiving Orders? 784 Whether a man should be debarred from receiving Orders on account of homicide? 785 Whether those of illegitimate birth should be debarred from receiving Orders? 786 Whether lack of members should be an impediment? 800 Q40: OF THE THINGS ANNEXED TO THE SACRAMENT OF ORDER (SEVEN ARTICLES) 801 Whether those who are ordained ought to wear the tonsure? 802 Whether the tonsure is an Order? 803 Whether by receiving the tonsure a man renounces temporal goods? 804 Whether above the priestly Order there ought to be an episcopal power? 805 Whether the episcopate is an Order? 806 Whether in the Church there can be anyone above the bishops? 807 Whether the vestments of the ministers are fittingly instituted in the Church? 820 Q41: OF THE SACRAMENT OF MATRIMONY AS DIRECTED TO AN OFFICE OF NATURE (FOUR ARTICLES) 821 Whether matrimony is of natural law? 822 Whether matrimony still comes under a precept? 823 Whether the marriage act is always sinful? 824 Whether the marriage act is meritorious? 840 Q42: OF MATRIMONY AS A SACRAMENT (FOUR ARTICLES) 841 Whether matrimony is a sacrament? 842 Whether this sacrament ought to have been instituted before sin was committed? 843 Whether matrimony confers grace? 844 Whether carnal intercourse is an integral part of this sacrament? 860 Q43: OF MATRIMONY WITH REGARD TO THE BETROTHAL (THREE ARTICLES) 861 Whether a betrothal is a promise of future marriage? 862 Whether seven years is fittingly assigned as the age for betrothal? 863 Whether a betrothal can be dissolved? 880 Q44: OF THE DEFINITION OF MATRIMONY (THREE ARTICLES) 881 Whether matrimony is a kind of joining? 882 Whether matrimony is fittingly named? 883 Whether matrimony is fittingly defined in the text? 900 Q45: OF THE MARRIAGE CONSENT CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (FIVE ARTICLES) 901 Whether consent is the efficient cause of matrimony? 902 Whether the consent needs to be expressed in words? 903 Whether consent given in words expressive of the future makes a marriage? 904 Whether, in the absence of inward consent, a marriage is made by consent given in words of the present? 905 Whether consent given secretly in words of the present makes a marriage? 920 Q46: OF THE CONSENT TO WHICH AN OATH OR CARNAL INTERCOURSE IS APPENDED (TWO ARTICLES) 921 Whether an oath added to the consent that is expressed in words of the future tense makes a marriage? 922 Whether carnal intercourse after consent expressed in words of the future makes a marriage? 940 Q47: OF COMPULSORY AND CONDITIONAL CONSENT (SIX ARTICLES) 941 Whether a compulsory consent is possible? 942 Whether a constant man can be compelled by fear? 943 Whether compulsory consent invalidates a marriage? 944 Whether compulsory consent makes a marriage as regards the party who uses compulsion? 945 Whether conditional consent makes a marriage? 946 Whether one can be compelled by one's father's command to marry? 960 Q48: OF THE OBJECT OF THE CONSENT (TWO ARTICLES) 961 Whether the consent that makes a marriage is a consent to carnal intercourse? 962 Whether marriage can result from one person's consent to take another for a base motive? 980 Q49: OF THE MARRIAGE GOODS* (SIX ARTICLES) 981 Whether certain blessings are necessary in order to excuse marriage? 982 Whether the goods of marriage are sufficiently enumerated? 983 Whether the sacrament is the chief of the marriage goods? 984 Whether the marriage act is excused by the aforesaid goods? 985 Whether the marriage act can be excused without the marriage goods? 986 Whether it is a mortal sin for a man to have knowledge of his wife, with the intention not of a marriage good but merely of pleasure? 1000 Q50: OF THE IMPEDIMENTS OF MARRIAGE, IN GENERAL (ONE ARTICLE) 1001 Whether it is fitting that impediments should be assigned to marriage? 1020 Q51: OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF ERROR (TWO ARTICLES) 1021 Whether it is right to reckon error as an impediment to marriage? 1022 Whether every error is an impediment to matrimony? 1040 Q52: OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF THE CONDITION OF SLAVERY (FOUR ARTICLES) 1041 Whether the condition of slavery is an impediment to matrimony? 1042 Whether a slave can marry without his master's consent? 1043 Whether slavery can supervene to marriage? 1044 Whether children should follow the condition of their father? 1060 Q43: OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF VOWS AND ORDERS (FOUR ARTICLES) 1061 Whether marriage already contracted should be annulled by the obligation of a simple vow? 1062 Whether a solemn vow dissolves a marriage already contracted? 1063 Whether order is an impediment to matrimony? 1064 Whether a sacred order cannot supervene to matrimony? 1080 Q54: OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF CONSANGUINITY (FOUR ARTICLES) 1081 Whether consanguinity is rightly defined? 1082 Whether consanguinity is fittingly distinguished by degrees and lines? 1083 Whether consanguinity is an impediment to marriage by virtue of the natural law? 1084 Whether the degrees of consanguinity that are an impediment to marriage could be fixed by the Church? 1100 Q55: OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF AFFINITY (ELEVEN ARTICLES) 1101 Whether a person contracts affinity through the marriage of a blood-relation? 1102 Whether affinity remains after the death of husband or wife? 1103 Whether unlawful intercourse causes affinity? 1104 Whether affinity is caused by betrothal? 1105 Whether affinity is a cause of affinity? 1106 Whether affinity is an impediment to marriage? 1107 Whether affinity in itself admits of degrees? 1108 Whether the degrees of affinity extend in the same way as the degrees of consanguinity? 1109 Whether a marriage contracted by persons with the degrees of affinity or consanguinity should always be annulled? 1110 Whether it is necessary to proceed by way of accusation for the annulment of a marriage contracted by persons related to each other by affinity or consanguinity? 1111 Whether in a suit of this kind one should proceed by hearing witnesses in the same way as in other suits? 1120 Q56: OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF SPIRITUAL RELATIONSHIP (FIVE ARTICLES) 1121 Whether spiritual relationship is an impediment to marriage? 1122 Whether spiritual relationship is contracted by baptism only? 1123 Whether spiritual relationship is contracted between the person baptized and the person who raises him from the sacred font? 1124 Whether spiritual relationship passes from husband to wife? 1125 Whether spiritual relationship passes to the godfather's carnal children? 1140 Q57: OF LEGAL RELATIONSHIP, WHICH IS BY ADOPTION (THREE ARTICLES) 1141 Whether adoption is rightly defined? 1142 Whether a tie that is an impediment to marriage is contracted through adoption? 1143 Whether legal relationship is contracted only between the adopting father and the adopted child? 1160 Q48: OF THE IMPEDIMENTS OF IMPOTENCE, SPELL, FRENZY OR MADNESS, INCEST AND DEFECTIVE AGE (FIVE ARTICLES) 1161 Whether impotence is an impediment to marriage? 1162 Whether a spell can be an impediment to marriage? 1163 Whether madness is an impediment to marriage? 1164 Whether marriage is annulled by the husband committing incest with his wife's sister? 1165 Whether defective age is an impediment to marriage? 1180 Q59: OF DISPARITY OF WORSHIP AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO MARRIAGE (SIX ARTICLES) 1181 Whether a believer can marry an unbeliever? 1182 Whether there can be marriage between unbelievers? 1183 Whether the husband, being converted to the faith, may remain with his wife is she be unwilling to be converted? 1184 Whether a believer can, after his conversion, put away his unbelieving wife if she be willing to cohabit with him without insult to the Creator? 1185 Whether the believer who leaves his unbelieving wife can take another wife? 1186 Whether other sins dissolve marriage? 1200 Q60: OF WIFE-MURDER (TWO ARTICLES) 1201 Whether it is lawful for a man to kill his wife if she be discovered in the act of adultery? 1202 Whether wife-murder is an impediment to marriage? 1220 Q61: OF THE IMPEDIMENT TO MARRIAGE, ARISING FROM A SOLEMN VOW (THREE ARTICLES) 1221 Whether one party after the marriage has been consummated can enter religion without the other's consent? 1222 Whether before the marriage has been consummated one consort can enter religion without the other's consent? 1223 Whether the wife may take another husband if her husband has entered religion before the consummation of the marriage? 1240 Q62: OF THE IMPEDIMENT THAT SUPERVENES TO MARRIAGE AFTER ITS CONSUMMATION, NAMELY FORNICATION (SIX ARTICLES) 1241 Whether it is lawful for a husband to put away his wife on account of fornication? 1242 Whether the husband is bound by precept to put away his wife when she is guilty of fornication? 1243 Whether the husband can on his own judgment put away his wife on account of fornication? 1244 Whether in a case of divorce husband and wife should be judged on a par with each other? 1245 Whether a husband can marry again after having a divorce? 1246 Whether husband and wife may be reconciled after being divorced? 1260 Q63: OF SECOND MARRIAGES (TWO ARTICLES) 1261 Whether a second marriage is lawful? 1262 Whether a second marriage is a sacrament? 1280 Q64: OF THE THINGS ANNEXED TO MARRIAGE, AND FIRST OF THE PAYMENT OF THE MARRIAGE DEBT (TEN ARTICLES) 1281 Whether husband and wife are mutually bound to the payment of the marriage debt? 1282 Whether a husband is bound to pay the debt if his wife does not ask for it? 1283 Whether it is allowable for a menstruous wife to ask for the marriage debt? 1284 Whether a menstruous woman should or may lawfully pay the marriage debt to her husband if he ask for it? 1285 Whether husband and wife are equal in the marriage act? 1286 Whether husband and wife can take a vow contrary to the marriage debt without their mutual consent? 1287 Whether it is forbidden to demand the debt on holy days? 1288 Whether it is a mortal sin to ask for the debt at a holy time? 1289 Whether one spouse is bound to pay the debt to the other at a festal time? 1290 Whether weddings should be forbidden at certain times? 1300 Q65: OF PLURALITY OF WIVES (FIVE ARTICLES) 1301 Whether it is against the natural law to have several wives? 1302 Whether it was ever lawful to have several wives? 1303 Whether it is against the natural law to have a concubine? 1304 Whether it is a mortal sin to have intercourse with a concubine? 1305 Whether it was ever lawful to have a concubine? 1320 Q66: OF BIGAMY AND OF THE IRREGULARITY CONTRACTED THEREBY (FIVE ARTICLES) 1321 Whether irregularity attaches to bigamy? 1322 Whether irregularity results from bigamy, when one husband has two wives, one in law, the other in fact? 1323 Whether irregularity is contracted by marrying one who is not a virgin? 1324 Whether bigamy is removed by Baptism? 1325 Whether it is lawful for a bigamist to receive a dispensation? 1340 Q67: OF THE BILL OF DIVORCE (SEVEN ARTICLES) 1341 Whether inseparableness of the wife is of natural law? 1342 Whether it may have been lawful by dispensation to put away a wife? 1343 Whether it was lawful to divorce a wife under the Mosaic law? 1344 Whether it was lawful for a divorced wife to have another husband? 1345 Whether a husband could lawfully take back the wife he had divorced? 1346 Whether the reason for divorce was hatred for the wife? 1347 Whether the causes of divorce had to be written in the bill? 1360 Q68: OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN (THREE ARTICLES) 1361 Whether children born out of true marriage are illegitimate? 1362 Whether children should suffer any loss through being illegitimate? 1363 Whether an illegitimate son can be legitimized? 1380 Q69: OF MATTERS CONCERNING THE RESURRECTION, AND FIRST OF THE PLACE WHERE SOULS ARE AFTER DEATH (SEVEN ARTICLES) 1381 Whether places are appointed to receive souls after death? 1382 Whether souls are conveyed to heaven or hell immediately after death? 1383 Whether the souls who are in heaven or hell are able to go from thence? 1384 Whether the limbo of hell is the same as Abraham's bosom? 1385 Whether limbo is the same as the hell of the damned? 1386 Whether the limbo of children is the same as the limbo of the Fathers? 1387 Whether so many abodes should be distinguished? 1400 Q70: OF THE QUALITY OF THE SOUL AFTER LEAVING THE BODY, AND OF THE PUNISHMENT INFLICTED ON IT BY MATERIAL FIRE (THREE ARTICLES) 1401 Whether the sensitive powers remain in the separated soul? 1402 Whether the acts of the sensitive powers remain in the separated soul? 1403 Whether the separated soul can suffer from a bodily fire? 1420 Q71: OF THE SUFFRAGES FOR THE DEAD (FOURTEEN ARTICLES) 1421 Whether the suffrages of one person can profit others? 1422 Whether the dead can be assisted by the works of the living? 1423 Whether suffrages performed by sinners profit the dead? 1424 Whether suffrages offered by the living for the dead profit those who offer them? 1425 Whether suffrages profit those who are in hell? 1426 Whether suffrages profit those who are in purgatory? 1427 Whether suffrages avail the children who are in limbo? 1428 Whether suffrages profit the saints in heaven? 1429 Whether the prayers of the Church, the sacrifice of the altar and alms profit the departed? 1430 Whether the indulgences of the Church profit the dead? 1431 Whether the burial service profits the dead? 1432 Whether suffrages offered for one deceased person profit the person for whom they are offered more than others? 1433 Whether suffrages offered for several are of as much value to each one as if they had been offered for each in particular? 1434 Whether general suffrages avail those for whom special suffrages are not offered, as much as special suffrages avail those for whom they are offered in addition to general suffrages? 1440 Q72: OF PRAYERS WITH REGARD TO THE SAINTS IN HEAVEN (THREE ARTICLES) 1441 Whether the saints have knowledge of our prayers? 1442 Whether we ought to call upon the saints to pray for us? 1443 Whether the prayers which the saints pour forth to God for us are always granted? 1460 Q73: OF THE SIGNS THAT WILL PRECEDE THE JUDGMENT (THREE ARTICLES) 1461 Whether any signs will precede the Lord's coming to judgment? 1462 Whether towards the time of the judgment the sun and moon will be darkened in very truth? 1463 Whether the virtues of heaven will be moved when our Lord shall come? 1480 Q74: OF THE FIRE OF THE FINAL CONFLAGRATION (NINE ARTICLES) 1481 Whether the world is to be cleansed? 1482 Whether the cleansing of the world will be effected by fire? 1483 Whether the fire whereby the world will be cleansed will be of the same species with elemental fire? 1484 Whether that fire will cleanse also the higher heavens? 1485 Whether that fire will consume the other elements? 1486 Whether all the elements will be cleansed by that fire? 1487 Whether the fire of the final conflagration is to follow the judgment? 1488 Whether that fire will have such an effect on men as is described? 1489 Whether that fire will engulf the wicked? 1500 Q75: OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES) 1501 Whether there is to be a resurrection of the body? 1502 Whether the resurrection will be for all without exception? 1503 Whether the resurrection is natural? 1520 Q76: OF THE CAUSE OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES) 1521 Whether the resurrection of Christ is the cause of our resurrection? 1522 Whether the sound of the trumpet will be the cause of our resurrection? 1523 Whether the angels will do anything towards the resurrection? 1540 Q77: OF THE TIME AND MANNER OF THE RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 1541 Whether the time of our resurrection should be delayed till the end of the world? 1542 Whether the time of our resurrection is hidden? 1543 Whether the resurrection will take place at night-time? 1544 Whether the resurrection will happen suddenly or by degrees? 1560 Q78: OF THE TERM "WHEREFROM" OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES) 1561 Whether death will be the term "wherefrom" of the resurrection in all cases? 1562 Whether all will rise again from ashes? 1563 Whether the ashes from which the human body will be restored have any natural inclination towards the soul which will be united to them? 1580 Q79: OF THE CONDITIONS OF THOSE WHO RISE AGAIN, AND FIRST OF THEIR IDENTITY (THREE ARTICLES) 1581 Whether in the resurrection the soul will be reunited to the same identical body? 1582 Whether it will be identically the same man that shall rise again? 1583 Whether the ashes of the human body must needs, by the resurrection, return to the same parts of the body that were dissolved into them? 1600 Q80: OF THE INTEGRITY OF THE BODIES IN THE RESURRECTION (FIVE ARTICLES) 1601 Whether all the members of the human body will rise again? 1602 Whether the hair and nails will rise again in the human body? 1603 Whether the humors will rise again in the body? 1604 Whether whatever in the body belonged to the truth of human nature will rise again in it? 1605 Whether whatever was materially in a man's members will all rise again? 1620 Q81: OF THE QUALITY OF THOSE WHO RISE AGAIN (FOUR ARTICLES) 1621 Whether all will rise again of the same age? 1622 Whether all will rise again of the same stature? 1623 Whether all will rise again of the male sex? 1624 Whether all will rise again to animal life so as to exercise the functions of nutrition and generation? 1640 Q82: OF THE IMPASSIBILITY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED AFTER THEIR RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES) 1641 Whether the bodies of the saints will be impassible after the resurrection? 1642 Whether all will be equally impassible? 1643 Whether impassibility excludes actual sensation from glorified bodies? 1644 Whether in the blessed, after the resurrection, all the senses will be in act? 1660 Q83: OF THE SUBTLETY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED (SIX ARTICLES) 1661 Whether subtlety is a property of the glorified body? 1662 Whether by reason of this subtlety a glorified body is able to be in the same place with another body not glorified? 1663 Whether it is possible, by a miracle, for two bodies to be in the same place? 1664 Whether one glorified body can be in the same place together with another glorified body? 1665 Whether by virtue of its subtlety a glorified body will no longer need to be in an equal place? 1666 Whether the glorified body, by reason of its subtlety, will be impalpable? 1680 Q84: OF THE AGILITY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED (THREE ARTICLES) 1681 Whether the glorified bodies will be agile? 1682 Whether the saints will never use their agility for the purpose of movement? 1683 Whether the movement of the saints will be instantaneous? 1700 Q85: OF THE CLARITY OF THE BEATIFIED BODIES (THREE ARTICLES) 1701 Whether clarity is becoming to the glorified body? 1702 Whether the clarity of the glorified body is visible to the non-glorified eye? 1703 Whether a glorified body will be necessarily seen by a non-glorified body? 1720 Q86: OF THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE BODIES OF THE DAMNED WILL RISE AGAIN (THREE ARTICLES) 1721 Whether the bodies of the damned will rise again with their deformities? 1722 Whether the bodies of the damned will be incorruptible? 1723 Whether the bodies of the damned will be impassible? 1740 Q87: OF THE KNOWLEDGE WHICH, AFTER RISING AGAIN, MEN WILL HAVE AT THE JUDGMENT CONCERNING MERITS AND DEMERITS (THREE ARTICLES) 1741 Whether after the resurrection every one will know what sins he has committed? 1742 Whether every one will be able to read all that is in another's conscience? 1743 Whether all merits and demerits, one's own as well as those of others, will be seen by anyone at a single glance? 1760 Q88: OF THE GENERAL JUDGMENT, AS TO THE TIME AND PLACE AT WHICH IT WILL BE (FOUR ARTICLES) 1761 Whether there will be a general judgment? 1762 Whether the judgment will take place by word of mouth? 1763 Whether the time of the future judgment is unknown? 1764 Whether the judgment will take place in the valley of Josaphat? 1780 Q89: OF THOSE WHO WILL JUDGE AND OF THOSE WHO WILL BE JUDGED AT THE GENERAL JUDGMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) 1781 Whether any men will judge together with Christ? 1782 Whether the judicial power corresponds to voluntary poverty? 1783 Whether the angels will judge? 1784 Whether the demons will carry out the sentence of the Judge on the damned? 1785 Whether all men will be present at the judgment? 1786 Whether the good will be judged at the judgment? 1787 Whether the wicked will be judged? 1788 Whether at the coming judgment the angels will be judged? 1800 Q90: OF THE FORM OF THE JUDGE IN COMING TO THE JUDGMENT (THREE ARTICLES) 1801 Whether Christ will judge under the form of His humanity? 1802 Whether at the judgment Christ will appear in His glorified humanity? 1803 Whether the Godhead can be seen by the wicked without joy? 1820 Q91: OF THE QUALITY OF THE WORLD AFTER THE JUDGMENT (FIVE ARTICLES) 1821 Whether the world will be renewed? 1822 Whether the movement of the heavenly bodies will cease? 1823 Whether the brightness of the heavenly bodies will be increased at this renewal? 1824 Whether the elements will be renewed by an addition of brightness? 1825 Whether the plants and animals will remain in this renewal? 1840 Q92: OF THE VISION OF THE DIVINE ESSENCE IN REFERENCE TO THE BLESSED* (THREE ARTICLES) 1841 Whether the human intellect can attain to the vision of God in His essence? 1842 Whether after the resurrection the saints will see God with the eyes of the body? £[*Cf. FP, Question £[12], Article £[3]] 1843 Whether the saints, seeing God, see all that God sees? £[*Cf. FP, Question £[12], Articles £[7],8] 1860 Q93: OF THE HAPPINESS OF THE SAINTS AND THEIR MANSIONS (THREE ARTICLES) 1861 Whether the happiness of the saints will be greater after the judgment than before? 1862 Whether the degrees of beatitude should be called mansions? 1863 Whether the various mansions are distinguished according to the various degrees of charity? 1880 Q94: OF THE RELATIONS OF THE SAINTS TOWARDS THE DAMNED (THREE ARTICLES) 1881 Whether the blessed in heaven will see the sufferings of the damned? 1882 Whether the blessed pity the unhappiness of the damned? 1883 Whether the blessed rejoice in the punishment of the wicked? 1900 Q95: OF THE GIFTS* OF THE BLESSED (FIVE ARTICLES) £[*The Latin 'dos' signifies a dowry.] 1901 Whether any gifts should be assigned as dowry to the blessed? 1902 Whether the dowry is the same as beatitude*? 1903 Whether it is fitting that Christ should receive a dowry? 1904 Whether the angels receive the dowries? 1905 Whether three dowries of the soul are suitably assigned? 1920 Q96: OF THE AUREOLES (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) 1921 Whether the aureole is the same as the essential reward which is called the aurea? 1922 Whether the aureole differs from the fruit? 1923 Whether a fruit is due to the virtue of continence alone? 1924 Whether three fruits are fittingly assigned to the three parts of continence? 1925 Whether an aureole is due on account of virginity? 1926 Whether an aureole is due to martyrs? 1927 Whether an aureole is due to doctors? 1928 Whether an aureole is due to Christ? 1929 Whether an aureole is due to the angels? 1930 Whether an aureole is also due to the body? 1931 Whether three aureoles are fittingly assigned, those of virgins, of martyrs, and of doctors? 1932 Whether the virgin's aureole is the greatest of all? 1933 Whether one person has an aureole more excellently than another person? 1940 Q97: OF THE PUNISHMENT OF THE DAMNED (SEVEN ARTICLES) 1941 Whether in hell the damned are tormented by the sole punishment of fire? 1942 Whether the worm of the damned is corporeal? 1943 Whether the weeping of the damned will be corporeal? 1944 Whether the damned are in material darkness? 1945 Whether the fire of hell will be corporeal? 1946 Whether the fire of hell is of the same species as ours? 1947 Whether the fire of hell is beneath the earth? 1960 Q98: OF THE WILL AND INTELLECT OF THE DAMNED (NINE ARTICLES) 1961 Whether every act of will in the damned is evil? 1962 Whether the damned repent of the evil they have done? 1963 Whether the damned by right and deliberate reason would wish not to be? 1964 Whether in hell the damned would wish others were damned who are not damned? 1965 Whether the damned hate God? 1966 Whether the damned demerit? 1967 Whether the damned can make use of the knowledge they had in this world? £[*Cf. FP, Question £[89]] 1968 Whether the damned will ever think of God? 1969 Whether the damned see the glory of the blessed? 1980 Q99: OF GOD'S MERCY AND JUSTICE TOWARDS THE DAMNED (FIVE ARTICLES) 1981 Whether by Divine justice an eternal punishment is inflicted on sinners? 1982 Whether by God's mercy all punishment of the damned, both men and demons, comes to an end? 1983 Whether God's mercy suffers at least men to be punished eternally? 1984 Whether the punishment of Christians is brought to an end by the mercy of God? 1985 Whether all those who perform works of mercy will be punished eternally? 2000 OF THE QUALITY OF THOSE SOULS WHO DEPART THIS LIFE WITH ORIGINAL SIN ONLY (TWO ARTICLES) 2001 Whether those souls which depart with original sin alone, suffer from a bodily fire, and are punished by fire? 2002 Whether these same souls suffer spiritual affliction on account of the state in which they are? 2020 OF THE QUALITY OF SOULS WHO EXPIATE ACTUAL SIN OR ITS PUNISHMENT IN PURGATORY (SIX ARTICLES) 2021 Whether the pains of Purgatory surpass all the temporal pains of this life? 2022 Whether this punishment is voluntary? 2023 Whether the soul in Purgatory are punished by the demons? 2024 Whether venial sin is expiated by the pains of Purgatory as regards the guilt? 2025 Whether the fire of Purgatory delivers from the debt of punishment? 2026 Whether one person is delivered from this punishment sooner than another? APPENDIX 2 TWO ARTICLES ON PURGATORY 2041 Whether there is a Purgatory after this life? 2042 Whether it is the same place where souls are cleansed, and the damned punished?