Jerome - Letters 147
This is an interesting letter addressed to a lady of rank, on the principles and methods of a holy life. It is not, however, the work of Jerome, of whose style it shews few traces. It has been ascribed in turn to Paulinus of Nola and Sulpicius Severus.
The theme of this letter is the abrogation of the Jewish festivals by the evangelical law.It has no claim to be considered a work of Jerome.
This letter is extant also among those of Procopius of Gaza, to whose works it properly belongs. As this Procopius flourished a century later than Jerome, the letter cannot be addressed to him). Treatises
1 Virg. A. 3,193.
2 I.e. the governor of the province.
3 (Ps 7,9).
4 Text corrupt.
5 Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego.
6 Song of the Three Holy Children.
7 (Da vi.
8 Susannah 45; the youth spoken of is Daniel).
9 Virg. A. 12,611.
10 (Ps 118,6,
11 Cf. Qo 12,7.
12 Lictor.
13 An allusion to the well-known proverb, summum jus, summa injuria.
14 A presbyter of Antioch and bishop, 388 a.d. He is mentioned again in Letters III., IV., V., XV. See Jerome De Vir. 3,125.
15 The predecessor of Ambrose and an Arian. He was still living when Jerome wrote, but died 374.
16 Damasus, who having successfully made good his claim to the papacy, in 369 condemned Auxentius in a council held at Rome.
17 Virg. G. iv. 147, 148).
18 Valentinian I.
19 (Lc 15,3–5.
20 (Lc 15,11–32.
21 Virg. A. 5, 9.
22 In Jerome’s day this term included all—whether hermits or coenobites—who forsook the world and embraced an ascetic life.
23 Cf. Ep 3,20.
24 (1Co 2,9 1Co 2,
25 Acts, 8,26–30.
26 Bel, 33–36.
27 Priests, monks, and others who, because they would not declare themselves Arians, were banished by order of Valens to Heliopolis in Phenicia).
28 There were two hermits of this name in Egypt, and it is not certain which is meant. One of them was a disciple of Antony.
29 The ascetic community at Aquileia, of which Jerome and Rufinus were the leaders, had been broken up, perhaps through the efforts of Lupicinus, the bishop of Stridon.
30 Virg. A. iii. 193, 194: 5,9.
31 See Letter I.
32 Hor. C. 1,3, 8.
33 See Letter I).
34 A freedman of Melanium.
35 A young Roman widow who had given up the world that she might adopt the ascetic life. She accompanied Rufinus to the East and settled with him on the Mount of Olives. She is mentioned again in Letters IV., XXXIX., XLV., and others.
36 (1Th 4,13 1Th 4,
37 Jerome’s foster-brother who had accompanied him on his first visit to Rome. He was now living as a hermit on a small island in the neighborhood of Aquileia. See Letter VII).
38 (Gn 28,12 Gn 28,
39 (Mt 6,34 Mt 6,
40 (Lc 9,62 Lc 9,
41 (Ps 126,5 Ps 126,
42 Nu. 21,9.
43 Of this child nothing is known.
44 I.e. the new Jerusalem. Ap 21,2. Is. 4,3.
45 (1Th 4,17 1Th 4,
46 Joh. 4,14: Joh. 19,34.
47 (Ep 6,13–17).
48 (Ap 1,9, Ap 1,10 Ap 1,
49 (Gn 3,1–6: Mt 4,1–4.
50 (Mt 4,4 Mt 4,
51 Literally “mousetrap.” This variant is peculiar to Cyprian and Jerome.
52 (1Tm 6,9 1Tm 6,
53 (1Co 1,31 1Co 1,
54 (2Co 12,10, 2Co 12,9 2Co 12,
55 (Ph 1,23 Ph 1,
56 (Ep 6,16 Ep 6,
57 (Ac 1,24, Ap 2,23.
58 (Jon 2,1, Jon 2,2 Jon 2,
59 (Mt 5,19 Mt 5,
60 (Ap 14,4 Ap 14,
61 (Jn 14,2 Jn 14,
62 (1Co 15,41 1Co 15,
63 Quoted from Tert. de C. F. 2,7.
64 (1Tm 5,24, R. V.
65 (Mt 25,34–40.
66 See introduction to Letter XIV).
67 Rufinus had been baptized at Aquileia about three years previously (371 a.d.).
68 Cf. Ps 51,7.
69 (Mt 5,26 Mt 5,
70 (Ps 146,7 Ps 146,
71 (Is 66,2 Is 66,
72 Joh. 11,43.
73 Acc. to Vallarsi a hermit, who at this time lived near Caesarea.
74 Cf. Col 2,5.
75 A man of some note, as he was one of the commissioners appointed by Constantine in 313 a.d. to settle the points of issue between the Catholics and the Donatists. Jerome criticises his commentary on the Song of Songs in Letter XXXVII.
76 Autun.
77 See the introd. to Letter X.
78 This list has perished.
79 I.e. Hilary of Poitiers.
80 Rufinus.
81 (Ps 1,2 Ps 1,
82 I.e. the Scriptures.
83 See the introd. to Letter XIV).
84 Aristotle is the author of this remark.
85 Hor. S. 1,3, 1–3.
86 Mentioned again in Letter VII.,
87 The person meant is uncertain. Probably it was Lupicinus, bishop of Stridon, for whom see the next letter.
88 Horace, C. iii. 3, 7, 8.
89 (1Co 3,14 1Co 3,
90 Jovinus was archdeacon of Aquileia. All three became bishops—Chromatius of Aquileia, the others of unknown sees.
91 Chromatius and Eusebius were brothers.
92 Philem. 12).
93 See Pliny, H. N. 13,21.
94 The Greek word ICQUS represented to the early Christians the sentence AEIhsou" Cristo" Qeou Uw" Swthr. Hence the fish became a favorite emblem of Christ. Tertullian connects the symbol with the water of baptism, saying: “We little fishes are born by our Fish, Jesus Christ, in water and can thrive only by continuing in the water.” The allusion in the text is to the baptism of Bonosus. See Schaff, “Ante-Nicene Christianity,” p. 279.
95 (Dt 8,15 Dt 8,
96 (Gn 3,14 Gn 3,
97 Viz., Pss. cxx.-cxxxiv.
98 (Ps 121,1 Ps 121,
99 See Letter III.
100 (Ap 10,9, Ap 10,10 Ap 10,
101 (Jn 11,43 Jn 11,
102 (Jr 13,4, Jr 13,5 Jr 13,
103 (Jb 40,16 cf. Letter XXII).
104 (Ps 139,13 Ps 139,
105 (Ps 116,14, Ps 116,15, P.B.V.
106 Cf. 2 K. 19,28.
107 Pss. cxxxvii. 3: Pss. 146,7, Pss. 146,8.
108 (1Co 3,6 1Co 3,
109 Virg. A. iv. 298.
110 Jerome again refers to his own frailty in Letters XIV. XVIII. and XLVIII).
111 (1Co 13,7 1Co 13,
112 Papa. The word “pope” was at this time used as a name of respect (“father in God”) for bishops generally. Only by degrees did it come to be restricted to the bishop of Rome. Similarly the word "imperator," originally applied to any Roman general, came to be used of the Emperor alone.
113 Bishop of Aquileia).
114 Phi. 3,19.
115 Sacerdos. In the letters this word generally denotes a bishop. Lupicinus held the see of Stridon.
116 Cic. de Fin. 5,30.
117 (Mt 25,4 Mt 25,
118 (Lc 2,36, Ac 21,9: 1 Sam. ii. 18.
119 (2M 7,
120 Turpilius, who appears to have been a dramatist of some note, died in 101 b.c. He is mentioned by Jerome in his edition of the Eusebian Chronicle.
121 Tabellarii, from tabella, a small tablet.
122 Librarii, from liber, bark.
123 Cic. Laelius, 76.
124 See introd. to Letter XIV).
125 (2Co 3,2 2Co 3,
126 See the Life of Paul in this volume.
127 Elogium.
128 (Gn 6,4 Gn 6,
129 (Ps 90,10 Ps 90,
130 Hor. A. P. 147. Zeus having visited Leda in the form of a swan, she produced two eggs, from one of which came Castor and Pollux, and from the other Helen, who was the cause of the Trojan war.
131 (Ap 1,14 Ap 1,
132 A play on words: callidus, “wary,” is indistinguishable in sound from calidus, “warm.”
133 The words quoted do not occur in the extant portion of Cicero’s speech.
134 (Mt 13,46 Mt 13,
135 (Ps 12,7, P. B. V.
136 For some account of this writer see Jerome, De V. 3,c. xcvii.
137 A Roman annalist some of whose works are still extant. He was contemporary with but probably older than Jerome.
138 A puritan of the third century who seceded from the Roman church because of the laxity of its discipline.
139 I.e. the life of Paul the Hermit, translated in this vol.
140 Hor. Ep. I. 2,69; cf. T. Moore:
“You may break, you may shatter the vase if you will:
The scent of the roses will hang round it still.”
141 (2Co 6,14 2Co 6,
142 (Lc 7,37 sqq.
143 (Mt 15,27 Mt 15,
144 (Mt 9,12, Mt 9,13 Mt 9,
145 (Ez 33,11 Ez 33,
146 (Lc 15,5 Lc 15,
147 (Lc 15,20 Lc 15,
148 (1Co 4,5 1Co 4,
149 (Rm 14,4 Rm 14,
150 (1Co 10,12 1Co 10,
151 (Ga 6,2 Ga 6,
152 Cf. Pr 14,12.
153 (2Co 4,7 2Co 4,
154 (Lc 7,47 Lc 7,
155 (Lc 15,7, Lc 15,10 Lc 15,
156 (Mt 20,15).
157 (Mt 18,3 Mt 18,
158 Joh. 13,5.
159 (Lc 22 Lc 47
160 Joh. 4,7.
161 (Lc 7,40 sqq.: the heroine of this story is identified by Jerome with Mary Magdalene.
162 (Mt 28,1, Mt 28,9 Mt 28,
163 (Mt 23,6, Mt 23,7 Mt 23,
164 (Is 40,15 Is 40,
165 (1P 5,5 1P 5,
166 (Lc 18,9 sqq.
167 1 Joh. 3,15.
168 (Ps 4,4, LXX.: Ep 4,26 Ep 4,
169 (Mt 5,23, Mt 5,24 Mt 5,
170 (Mt 6,12 Mt 6,
171 This is no longer extant.
172 (Jn 14,27 Jn 14,
173 See Ep. 77,9).
174 (Mt 6,33 Mt 6,
175 (Ap 1,7 Ap 1,
176 (Ap 1,16 Ap 1,
177 A reminiscence of Tertullian.
178 (Mt 12,30 Mt 12,
179 Nepotian, afterwards famous as the recipient of Letter LII., and the subject of Letter LX.
180 Phi. 3,20, R.V.
181 Virg. A. 4,367.
182 Pers. 3,18.
183 Virg. A. 12,59.
184 (Ep 6,1 Ep 6,
185 (Mt 10,37 Mt 10,
186 (Lc 9,59, Lc 9,60 Lc 9,
187 (Mt 16,23).
188 (Ac 21,13 Ac 21,
189 (Lc 8,21, Mt 12,50.
190 (Mt 8,22 Mt 8,
191 (1P 5,8 1P 5,
192 (Ps 10,8, Ps 10,9 Ps 10,
193 Phi. 3,19.
194 1 Cor 3,17.
195 Virg. A. vii. 337.
196 (Ep 5,5 Ep 5,
197 (So Jerome, although the Vulg. has “is.”
198 (Col 3,5, Col 3,6 Col 3,
199 (Mt 26,15 Mt 26,
200 Publicarum libidinum victimae; words borrowed from Tertullian, de C. F. II. 12.
201 (Rm 12,1 Rm 12,
202 (Ac 5,, Ananias and Sapphira.
203 (Lc 14,33 Lc 14,
204 (Mt 4,18–20.
205 (Mt 9,9 Mt 9,
206 (Mt 8,20 Mt 8,
207 (Rm 8,17).
208 (Mt 19,21 Mt 19,
209 (Mt 19,12 Mt 19,
210 (Sg 1,11 Sg 1,
211 (Lc 16,13 Lc 16,
212 (Lc 9,23 Lc 9,
213 1 Joh. 2,6.
214 (Mt 13,58 Mt 13,
215 (Lc 4,24 Lc 4,
216 Joh. 6,15.
217 In the sacrament of baptism.
218 (1Co 9,13, 1Co 9,14 1Co 9,
219 (Mt 3,10 Mt 3,
220 (Lc 21,1–4.
221 Cf. Letter CXLVI).
222 (1Co 5,5 1Co 5,
223 (Dt 17,5, Dt 17,12 Dt 17,
224 (1Tm 3,1 1Tm 3,
225 (1Tm 3,2, 1Tm 3,3 1Tm 3,
226 (1Tm 3,8–10).
227 (Mt 22,11–13.
228 (Lc 19,23 Lc 19,
229 (1Tm 3,13 1Tm 3,
230 (1Co 11,27 1Co 11,
231 (Ap 2,6 Ap 2,
232 (1Co 11,28 1Co 11,
233 Susannah 45 sqq.
234 (Am 7,14 Am 7,
235 (.
236 (Lc 14,10 Lc 14,
237 (Is 66,2 Is 66,
238 (Lc 12,48 Lc 12,
239 (Sg 6,6 Sg 6,
240 (Mt 12,36 Mt 12,
241 (Mt 5,21, Mt 5,22 Mt 5,
242 (Mt 27,51 Mt 27,
243 (Ap 2,5 Ap 2,
244 (Lc 14,28 Lc 14,
245 (Mt 5,13 Mt 5,
246 (Ap 21,19, Ap 21,20 Ap 21,
247 From Cyprian, Letter I. 14 (to Donatus).
248 (Lc 6,20 Lc 6,
249 From Cyprian, Letter LXXVII. 2 (to Nemesianus).
250 Joh. 13,10.
251 (Rm 8,18).
252 (1Co 15,53 1Co 15,
253 (Mt 24,46 Mt 24,
254 (1Th 4,16 1Th 4,
255 (Lc 2,7 Lc 2,
256 From Tertullian, de Spect. xxx.
257 (Mt 27,28, Mt 27,29 Mt 27,
258 Joh. 8,48.
259 (Mt 27,64 Mt 27,
260 Joh. 19,23.
261 (Ct 2,15 Ct 2,
262 (Ct 4,12 Ct 4,
263 (Rm 1,8, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world.
264 I.e. holy baptism; cf. Ga 3,27.
265 (Mt 13,46 Mt 13,
266 (Mt 24,28 Mt 24,
267 (Mt 13,22, Mt 13,23 Mt 13,
268 (Ml 4,2 Ml 4,
269 (Lc 10,18 Lc 10,
270 (Is 14,12 Is 14,
271 (Mt 5,14 Mt 5,
272 (Mt 5,13 Mt 5,
273 (2Tm 2,20 2Tm 2,
274 (Ap 2,27 Ap 2,
275 (Mt 16,18 Mt 16,
276 (Ex 12,22 Ex 12,
277 (Gn 7,23 Gn 7,
278 I.e. the bread of the Eucharist, at this time sent by one bishop to another in token of communion; or possibly the allusion is different, and what Jerome means to say is: “You are the oracle of God, but owing to my present situation I cannot consult you.”
279 Certain bishops banished from their sees by Valens. See Letter III).
280 The three rival claimants of the see of Antioch. See note on Letter XVI).
281 (Mt 12,30 Mt 12,
282 I.e. the field party. The Meletians were so called because, denied access to the churches of the city, they had to worship in the open air outside the walls.
283 upostasi"=substantia. It is the word used in He 1,3, “The express image of his person [R. V. substance].” Except at Alexandria it was usual to speak of one hypostasis as of one ousia in the Divine Nature. But at Alexandria from Origen downwards three hypostases had been ascribed to the Deity. Two explanations are given of the latter formula: (1) That at Alexandria upostasi" was taken in the sense of proswpon, so that by “three hypostases” was meant only “three persons.” (2) That “three hypostases” was an inexact expression standing for “three hypostatic persons” or “a threefold hypostasis.” This latter seems to be the true account of the matter. See an interesting note in Newman, Arians of the Fourth Century, Appendix IV.
284 In the Nicene Creed the Son is declared to be “of one substance [ousia] with the Father.”
285 This decree allowed the formula of “three hypostases” to be susceptible of an orthodox interpretation. It did not, however, encourage its use.
286 ousia.
287 Cauterio unionis inurimur. Sabellius recognized three “aspects” in the Godhead but denied “three persons,” at least in the Catholic sense.
288 (Ex 3,14 Ex 3,
289 Ursicinus, at this time anti-pope; Auxentius, Arian bishop of Milan.
290 (2Co 11,14).
291 I.e. the followers of the orthodox Bishop Meletius, who, as they had no church in Antioch, were compelled to meet for worship outside the city.
292 These appear to have been semi-Arians or Macedonians. Silvanus of Tarsus was their recognized leader.
293 (Mt 15,28 Mt 15,
294 (Lc 11,7, Lc 11,8 Lc 11,
295 (Lc 18,10–14.
296 (Jon 3,5, Jon 3,10 Jon 3,
297 (Lc 23,43 Lc 23,
298 (Lc 15,20 Lc 15,
299 (Lc 15,5 Lc 15,
300 (Ac 9,8 Ac 9,
301 (Ac 8,3 Ac 8,
302 (2Co 12,10 2Co 12,
303 See Letter XV.
304 Hor. Epist. 1,11, 27.
305 The three rival claimants of the see of Antioch. Paulinus and Meletius were both orthodox, but Meletius derived his orders from the Arians and was consequently not recognized in the West. In the East, however, he was so highly esteemed that some years after this he was chosen to preside over the Council of Constantinople (a.d. 391). Vitalis, the remaining claimant, a follower of Apollinaris, but much respected by the orthodox on account of his high character.
306 (Mt 19,28 Mt 19,
307 Joh. 21,18.
308 Phi. 3,20, R.V).
309 (Ps 39,1, 2 Vulg.
310 (Ps 38,13, Ps 38,14 Ps 38,
311 Cf. 1Co 13,7.
312 Cyprian, Letter LV. Cf. Cic. T. Q. v. accipere quam facere praestat injuriam.
313 Virg. A. i. 539–541.
314 Subsistenets.
315 The contemporary bishops of Rome and Alexandria.
316 Tert. Apol. 40, s. f.
317 (1Co 4,12 1Co 4,
318 (Gn 3,19 Gn 3,
319 (2Th 3,10 2Th 3,
320 (Is 42,14, LXX.
321 (Ps 24,1 Ps 24,
322 Was Jerome thinking of Constantine’s rebuke to the Novatian bishop at Nicaea, “Plant a ladder for thyself, Acesius, and mount alone to heaven”?
323 (Ga 6,14 Ga 6,
324 Who this was is unknown. The extant document purporting to contain this confession is not genuine).
325 (Jn 12,41 Jn 12,
326 Jerome greatly prides himself on this explanation, and frequently reverts to it.
327 (Lc 24,32 Lc 24,
328 Cf. Augustine’s dictum: “The New Testament is latent in the Old; the Old Testament is patent in the New.”
329 See Augustine’s letters to Jerome, passim.
330 (Ps 45,10, Ps 45,11 Ps 45,
331 According to the Vulgate.
332 (Gn 11,31 Gn 12,1 Gn 12,
333 (Ps 27,13 Ps 27,
334 (Gn 19,17 Gn 19,
335 (Lc 9,62 Lc 9,
336 (Mt 24,17, Mt 24,18 Mt 24,
337 Joh. 8,44, R.V.
338 1 Joh. 3,8.
339 (Ct 1,5).
340 (Ep 5,31, Ep 5,32 Ep 5,
341 Nu. 12,1.
342 (Ct 1,4 Ct 1,
343 (Ct 8,5, LXX.
344 (He 13,4 He 13,
345 (Gn 19,26 Gn 19,
346 (Rm 11,20 Rm 11,
347 (Is 34,5, R.V.
348 (Gn 3,14, Gn 3,18 Gn 3,
349 (Ep 6,12, R.V.
350 Joh. 14,30. The variant is difficult to explain and may be only a slip.
351 (Ps 91,5–7, Vulg.
352 2R 6,16.
353 2R 2,11 2R 6,17.
354 (Ps cxxiv. 7.
355 (2Co 4,7 2Co 4,
356 (Ga 5,17 Ga 5,
357 (1P 5,8,
358 (Ps 104,20, Ps 104,21 Ps 104,
359 (Jr 29,22 Jr 29,
360 An allusion to “Maher-shalal-hash-baz,” Is 8,1.
361 (Ha 1,16, LXX.
362 (Lc 22,31 Lc 22,
363 (Mt 10,34 Mt 10,
364 (Is 14,12 Is 14,
365 (Ab 4
366 (Is 14,13, Is 14,14).
367 (Gn 28,12 Gn 28,
368 (Ps 82,6, Ps 82,7 Ps 82,
369 (Ps 82,1 Ps 82,
370 (1Co 3,3 1Co 3,
371 (Ac 9,15 Ac 9,
372 (Ga 1,15 Ga 1,
373 (1Co 9,27 1Co 9,
374 (Rm 7,23 Rm 7,
375 (Rm 7,24 Rm 7,
376 Am. 5,2.
377 Am. 8,13.
378 (Mt 5,28 Mt 5,
379 (Mt 25,3, Mt 25,10 Mt 25,
380 (Is 47,1–3.
381 (Ct 5,2, LXX.
382 (Ps 45,10, P.B.V.
383 (Jr 13,26 Jr 13,
384 (Ez 16,25 Ez 16,
385 (Is 1,21 Is 1,
386 (Is 34,15 Is 13,22, R.V.
387 Pss. 118,6; Pss. 56,4.
388 (Ps 42,11 Ps 42,
389 (Ps cxxxvii. 9.
390 (1Co 10,4).
391 (Ct 1,3, Ct 1,4 Ct 1,
392 (1Tm 5,6 1Tm 5,
393 (1Tm 5,23 1Tm 5,
394 (Ep 5,18 Ep 5,
395 (Rm 14,21 Rm 14,
396 (Gn 9,20, Gn 9,21 Gn 9,
397 (Ex 32,6 Ex 32,
398 (Gn 19,30–38.
399 (Dt 23,3, Jerome substitutes “fourteenth” for “tenth.”
400 1 K. 19,4–6.
401 .
402 (Ex 15,23–25.
404 (Da 1,8 Da 1,
405 Bel. 33–39.
406 (Da 9,23, A.V. marg.
407 (Ps 84,6, R.V.
408 (Mt 4,2, Mt 4,3 Mt 4,
409 (1Co 6,13 1Co 6,
410 (Ph 3,19 Ph 3,
411 (Jb 2,3 Jb 2,
412 (Jb 40,16, of behemoth.
413 (Ps 132,11 Ps 132,
414 (Gn 46,26 Gn 46,
415 (Gn 32,24, Gn 32,25 Gn 32,
416 (Ex 12,11 Ex 12,
417 (Jb 38,3 Jb 38,
418 (Mt 3,4 Mt 3,
419 (Lc 12,35 Lc 12,
420 (Ez 16,4–6.
421 (2S xi.
422 (Ps 51,4 Ps 51,
423 Solomon was the reputed author of the Book of Wisdom.
425 1 K. xi 1–4).
426 (2S xiii.
427 (Is 14,13 Is 14,
428 (Tt 1,15 Tt 1,
429 (1Tm 4,3 1Tm 4,
430 The Manichaeans believed evil to be inseparable from matter. Hence they inculcated a rigid asceticism.
431 (Jr 3,3 Jr 3,
432 Plebeians wore a narrow stripe, patricians abroad one.
433 Beloved ones, viz., women who lived with the unmarried clergy professedly as spiritual sisters, but really (in too many cases) as mistresses. The evil custom was widely prevalent and called forth many protests. The councils of Elvira, Ancyra, and Nicaea passed canons against it.
434 (Pr 6,27, Pr 6,28 Pr 6,
435 (Mt 13,8).
436 Cena dubia. The allusion is to Terence, Phormio, 342.
437 (Ct 1,7, R.V.
438 (Ph 1,23 Ph 1,
439 (Lc 2,51 Lc 2,
440 (Ep 6,16 Ep 6,
441 (Os 7,4, Os 7,6, R.V.
442 (Lc 24,32 Lc 24,
443 (Ps 119,140, P.B.V.
444 (Ct 3,1 Ct 3,
445 (Col 3,5 Col 3,
446 (Ga 2,20 Ga 2,
447 (Ps 39,6, Vulg. That is, who knows that the world is vanity.
448 (Ps 119,83 Vulg.
449 (Ps 109,24 Ps 102,5 Ps 102,
450 (Ps 6,6, P.B.V.
451 (Ps 102,7 Ps 102,
452 (1Co 14,15).
453 (Ps 103,2–4.
454 (Ps 102,9 Ps 102,
455 2R 2,13.
456 (Gn 3,16,
457 (Gn 2,17,
458 (Gn 1,28,
459 (Gn 3,18-19,
460 See Letter XLVIII. 3.
461 (Mt 19,11-12,
462 (Qo 3,5 Qo 3,
463 (Mt 3,9 Mt 3,
464 (Za 9,16, LXX.
465 Joh. 19,23.
466 (Ps 116,7 Ps 116,
467 (Is 11,1, LXX.
468 In the Latin there is a play on words here between virga and virgo.
469 (Ct 2,1 Ct 2,
470 (Da 2,45 Da 2,
471 (Ct 2,6 Ct 2,
472 (Gn 7,2 Gn 7,
473 (Ex 3,5, Jos 5,15.
474 (Mt 10,10 Mt 10, to Letter XXIII. these typify works.
475 Joh. 19,23, Joh. 19,24).
476 (Is 28,24 Is 28,
477 (1Co 7,25 1Co 7,
478 (1Co 7,7, 1Co 7,8 1Co 7,
479 (1Co 9,5 1Co 9,
480 (Is 31,9, LXX.
481 (Is 54,1, LXX. (?)
482 (Ps cxxviii. 3.
483 (Ps cv. 37.
484 (Is 56,3 Is 56,
485 Cf. Lc 16,19 sqq.
486 (Gn 25,1 Gn 25,
487 (Gn 30,14–16.
488 (Gn 30,1, Gn 30,2 Gn 30,
489 (Jr 16,2 Jr 16,
490 (Jr 1,5 Jr 1,
491 (1Co 7,26, R.V.
492 (1Co 7,29 1Co 7,
493 (Lm 4,4 Lm 4,
494 (Is 7,14 Is 7,
495 (Is 9,6 Is 9,
496 Judith 13,
497 (Est 7,10 Est 7,
498 (Mc 8,34 Mc 8,
499 (Mt 8,20–22.
500 (1Co 7,32–34.
501 See the treatise Against Helvidius, in this volume.
502 (1Th 5,17 1Th 5,
503 (1Co 7,3, R.V.
504 (1Co 7,28 1Co 7,
505 Not extant. Jerome alludes to it again in his treatise against Jovinian.
506 See Migne’s “Patrologia,” xiii., col. 347–418.
507 Ambrose de Virg. Migne’s “Patrologia,” xvi., col. 187.
508 (Mt 24,13 Mt 24,
509 (Mt 20,16 Mt 22,14 Mt 22,
510 (2S 6,6-7,
511 (2R 20,12-13,
512 ().
513 (Ex 25,11,
514 1R 8,9.
515 (Ex 25,22,
516 (.
517 (Ex 7,16 Ex 7,
518 (Mt 21,12, Mt 21,13, R.V.
519 (Mt 27,51 Mt 27,
520 (Mt 23,38 Mt 23,
521 R.V. marg.
522 (Lc 10,41, Lc 10,42 Lc 10,
523 (Ct 3,4 Ct 3,
524 (Ct 6,9 Ct 6,
525 (Ga 4,26 Ga 4,
526 Cf. Gn 26,8.
527 R.V.
528 (Ct 5,2, Ct 5,4, Ct 5,8 Ct 5,
529 (Ct 4,12 Ct 4,
530 (Gn xxxiv.
531 (Ct 3,2, Ct 3,3 Ct 3,
532 (Mt 7,14 Mt 7,
533 (Ct 3,2 Ct 5,6 Ct 5,
534 (Ct 5,7 Ct 5,
535 (Ct 5,2 Ct 5,
536 (Ct 1,13).
537 (Ct 1,7, R.V.
538 (Ct 1,8, LXX.
539 (Pr 4,23 Pr 4,
540 (Mt 25,33 Mt 25,
541 (Is 26,20 Is 26,
542 (Mt 6,6 Mt 6,
543 (Ap 3,20 Ap 3,
544 (Ct 5,2, Ct 5,3 Ct 5,
545 (Ct 5,6 Ct 5,
546 (Qo 10,4, A.V., “the spirit of the ruler.”
547 (Da 6,10, LXX.
548 (Jr 9,21 Jr 9,
549 Joh. 5,44, R.V.
550 (Jr 9,24 Jr 9,
551 (1Co 1,31 1Co 1,
552 (Ga 1,10 Ga 1,
553 (Ga 6,14, R.V. marg.
554 Pss. 44,8; Pss. 34,2.
555 (Mt 6,3, Mt 6,16–18.
556 (Ps 131,1).
557 (Mt 6,16 Mt 6,
558 (Ps 53,5, according to the Roman Psalter.
559 Cucullis fabrefactis, ut ad infantiam redeant, imitantur noctuas et bubones.
560 (1Co 11,14 1Co 11,
561 (2Tm 3,6, 2Tm 3,7 2Tm 3,
562 Diomede. See Lucretius, 5,31, and Virgil, A. 1,752.
563 (Gn 3,1 Gn 3,
564 (2Co 2,11).
565 Cur mens diversa sit. The ordinary text has “menda.”
566 (1Co 7,9 1Co 7,
567 (1Co 15,33 1Co 15,
568 (1Tm 5,11, 1Tm 5,12 1Tm 5,
569 Persius 1,104.
570 (2Co 6,14, 2Co 6,15 2Co 6,
571 Viz., the epistles of St. Paul. In like manner the Psalter was often called David.
572 (1Co 8,10 1Co 8,
573 (Tt 1,15 Tt 1,
574 (1Tm 4,4 1Tm 4,
575 (1Co 10,21 1Co 10,
576 (Mt 6,21 Mt 6,
577 (Ps 6,5).
578 (Lc 16,12 Lc 16,
579 (Pr 13,8, R.V.
580 (Mt 6,24 Mt 6,
581 (Mt 13,7, Mt 13,22 Mt 13,
582 (Mt 6,25 Mt 6,
583 (Mt 6,32 Mt 6,
584 (Mt 6,25, Mt 6,26 Mt 6,
585 (2Co 12,10, 2Co 12,7 2Co 12,
586 (Ps 97,8 Ps 97,
587 (Jb 1,21 Jb 1,
588 (1Tm 6,7 1Tm 6,
589 (Mt 6,2 Mt 6,
590 Terence, Eun. 236.
591 “The eucharist was at first preceded, but at a later date was more usually followed, by the agape or love-feast. The materials of this were contributed by the members of the congregation, all of whatever station sat down to it as equals, and the meal was concluded with psalmody and prayer.” (Robertson, C. H., 1,p. 235). Scandals arose in connection with the practice, and it gradually fell into disuse, though even at a later date allusions to it are not infrequent.
592 (1Tm 6,10 1Tm 6,
593 (Col 3,5 Col 3,
594 (Mt 6,33).
595 (Ps 37,25 Ps 37,
596 (1R 17,4, 1R 17,6 1R 17,
597 (1R 17,9–16.
598 (Ac 3,6 Ac 3,
599 (1Tm 6,8 1Tm 6,
600 (Gn 28,20, Gn 28,21 Gn 28,
601 (Gn 32,5, Gn 32,10 Gn 32,
602 (Lc 12,15 Lc 12,
603 (Mt 26,15 Mt 26,
604 (Ac 8,20 Ac 8,
605 From koino" bio" (koinos bios), a common life.
606 Apparently an Egyptian word. It does not occur elsewhere.
607 In commune viventes.
608 From anacwrein (anachorein), to withdraw.
609 These were monks who lived under no settled rule, but collected in little groups of two and three, generally in some populous place. They seem to have practised all the arts whereby a reputation for sanctity may be won, while they disparaged those who led more regular lives. Cassian (Collat. 18,7) draws an unfavorable picture of them. See Bingham, Antiquities, 7,2,4, and Dict. Xt. Ant., s. 5,Sarabaitae.
610 Pannonia.
611 I.e. three o’clock.
612 Decani, “leaders of ten.”
613 Cf. Letter LII).
614 (Ps lv. 6.
615 See Letter LXX. De Vir. LII. xi.
616 Josephus, The Jewish War, 2,8.
617 I.e. the hermit of that name. See his Life in vol. 3,of this series.
618 (Lm 3,27, Lm 3,28, Lam. iii. 30, Lm 3,31 Lm 3,
619 (Lm 3,24 Lm 3,
620 (1Th 5,17 1Th 5,
621 In Jerome’s time the seven canonical hours of prayer had not yet been finally fixed. He mentions, however, six which correspond to the later, Mattins, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Nocturns. Cp. Letters CVII. CVIII. and CXXX).
622 (Ps 50,20 Ps 50,
623 (Rm 14,4, R.V.
624 (Rm 14,6, R.V.
625 (Is 58,5 Is 58,
626 (Is 58,3, Isaiah 58,4, R.V. marg.
627 (1Tm 1,19, 1Tm 1,20 2 Tim. i. 2Tm 15
628 (1S 16,7 1S 16,
629 (1Co 7,34 1Co 7,
630 (Lc 1,28 Lc 1,
631 Isa 8,1, i.e. “the spoil speedeth, the prey hasteth;” or, in Jerome’s rendering, “quickly carry away the spoils.”
632 (Is 8,3 Is 8, should have substituted “prophet” for “prophetess.” As it stands the quotation is meaningless.
633 (Is 26,18, Vulg.
634 (Mt 12,49 Mt 12,
635 (Pr 7,3 Jr 31,33 Jr 31,
636 (Col 2,14, Col 2,15 Col 2,
637 Cp. the maxim of Cyprian: Extra ecclesiam nulla salus, “Outside the church there is no salvation.”
638 (Ex 12,46 Ex 12,
639 1 Peter 3,20, 1 Peter 3,21.
640 (Jc 2,25 Jc 2,
641 Founder of the widely prevalent sect of Manichaeans, which at one time numbered Augustine among its adherents. One of its leading tenets was that matter as such was essentially evil.
642 (Mt 7,15).
643 (Ph 3,8 Ph 3,
644 (Rm 6,4 Ga 5,24 Ga 5,
645 (Rm 8,35, Rm 8,38, Rom. viii. 39.
646 An echo of the Nicene Creed.
647 Cp. Virgil, Ecl. 4,61.
648 Cp. Ps xcv. 4, Ps xcv. 5; Isa. xl. 12.
649 (Lc 2,51, Lc 2,52 Lc 2,
650 (Ps 116,12, Ps 116,13, Ps. cxvi. 15.
651 (He 12,6 He 12,
652 Cp. Mt 26,40.
653 (Gn 29,20 Gn 29,
654 (Gn 31,40 Gn 31,
655 (Ps 38,2 Ps 38,
656 (Ps 120,5, Vulg.
657 (Rm 8,18 Rm 8,
658 (Rm 5,3–5.
659 (2Co 11,23–27.
660 (2Tm 4,7, 2Tm 4,8 2Tm 4,
661 (Mt 11,12 Mt 11,
662 (Lc 11,5–8).
663 (Is 14,12, Is 14,13 Is 14,
664 (1Co 2,9 1Co 2,
665 (Ex 15,20, Ex 15,21 Ex 15,
666 A legendary virgin of Iconium said to have been converted by Paul.
667 (Ct 2,10, Ct 2,11 Ct 2,
668 (Ct 6,10 Ct 6,
669 (Ct 6,9 Ct 6,
670 Viz. Paula, for whom see Letter CVIII., and Marcella, for whom see Letter CXXVII.
671 (Mt 21,1–9, literally “she-ass.”
672 (Is 8,18 Is 8,
673 (Mt 21,9 Mt 21,
674 (Ap 14,1–4.
675 (Ct 8,6 the variant is peculiar to Jerome.
676 (Ct 8,7 Ct 8,
677 In the English Version Ps lxxiii.
678 (Ps 72,20 Ps 72,
679 (Ps 73,title.
680 (Ps 73,15 Ps 73,
681 I.e. the Old Latin Version superseded by Jerome’s Vulgate.
682 (2Co 4,7 2Co 4,
683 (Rm 3,2).
684 One of the most distinguished men of his day, Praetextatus, had filled the high position of Prefect of Rome. As such he ironically assured Damasus that, if he could hope to obtain the papacy, he would immediately embrace the Christian religion (Jerome, Against Jn of Jerusalem,
685 De suis saeculis detrahentem. The text is clearly corrupt, and no satisfactory emendation has yet been suggested.
686 (So the author of II. Peter speaks of God “tartartizing the angels that sinned” (ii. 4).
687 I.e. her conduct justified her official title.
688 Cf. Mt 6,2.
689 (Lc 16,19–24.
690 Paulina, chief priestess of Ceres.
691 In the Roman mythology the abode of gods and heroes. Cf. Ovid, M. 1,175, 176.
692 (Sg 5,4 Sg 5,
693 (Ps 48,8 Ps 48,
694 (Mt 10,10 Mt 10,
695 (2Co 4,18 2Co 4,
696 Vide the preceding Letter.
697 (Rm 11,6).
698 (Jr 1,5 Jr 1,
699 (Lc 1,41 Lc 1,
700 (Ep 1,4 Ep 1,
701 Probably Marcella before she was married.
702 (2Th 3,10 2Th 3,
703 (Mt 6,17 Mt 6,
704 (Mt 19,26 Mt 19,
705 Cf. Juvenal, Sat. 10,356.
706 Sacerdotes.
708 (Onw lura was a Greek proverb.
709 Reading nec diligentiam instead of et.
710 (Ac 26,24 Ac 26,
711 Haereditarias sepulturas.
712 The reference is to Letter XXII.
713 (Ps 69,4 Ps 69,
714 (Ps 69,11 Ps 69,
715 Hor. A. P. 21, 22.
716 Perhaps an allusion to the Greek proverb, ono" lura" hkouse kai salpiggo" u". “The ass listened to the lyre, and the pig to the trumpet.”
717 (Rm 12,11, Rm 12,12 Rm 12, reading kuriw “Lord” is probably correct. The R.V. says, “Some ancient authorities read the opportunity,” (kairw).
718 I.e. a “presbyter.”
719 (1Tm 5,19, 1Tm 5,20 1Tm 5,
720 (1Tm 1,15 1Tm 1,
721 Jerome’s detractors suggested this word instead of the simpler “ass” in Za 9,9 and Mt 21,2–5. The phrase “Gallican geldings” appears to be a quotation from Plaut. Aul. 3,5, 21.
722 (Is 32,20, LXX).
723 (Ps 1,2 Ps 1,
724 (Mt 7,7 Mt 7,
725 (Lc 11,5–8.
726 (Mt 14,25–33.
727 (Lv 2,11 Lv 2,
728 (Ex 12,8 Ex 12,
729 I.e. the day of his martyrdom, his heavenly nativity.
730 (Ez 16,11 Ez 16,
731 (Jr xxxvi.; Baruch vi.
732 (Mt 3,16 Mt 3,
733 Letter XXII.
734 Tim. 2,10.
735 (2Co 3,2 2Co 3,
736 Jer 36,23.
737 Hos 7,11.
738 Celebrated for his campaigns against Mithridates, and also as a prince of epicures.
739 (Jr 24,1–3.
740 (Jr 24,3 Jr 24,
741 (Ap 3,15, Ap 3,16 Ap 3,
742 (Ga 1,10).
743 This version, made in the reign of Hadrian by a Jewish proselyte who is said by some to have been a renegade Christian, was marked by an exaggerated literalism and a close following of the Hebrew original. By the Church it was regarded with suspicion as being designedly anti-Christian. Jerome, however, here acquits Aquila of the charge brought against him.
744 I.e. all the sapiential books, viz. Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Ecclesiasticus, Wisdom.
745 (Ex 1,1, twmy hla
A.V., “these are the names.”
746 The name means runner. Hence the allusion to Ga 2,2.
748 Of the 490 books composed by this voluminous writer only two are extant, a treatise on husbandry and an essay on the Latin language.
749 The epithet calkentero", “heart of brass,” is applied by Suidas to the grammarian Didymus, who, according to Athenaeus, wrote 3,500 books. Of these not one is extant.
750 Which lasted 57 years.
751 AEAdamontio"—Origen is so called by Eusebius (H. E. 6,14, 10). It appears to have been his proper name.
752 “They may have been detached essays on particular subjects.”—Westcott.
753 All the works mentioned have perished except the treatise on First Principles, and this in its completeness is extant only in the Latin version of Rufinus. The version made by Jerome has perished.
754 Origen left Alexandria for good in 231 a.d., and it was in that or the following year that Demetrius convoked the synod which condemned not so much his writings as his conduct. He appears to have been excommunicated as a heretic.
755 For Origen’s condemnation in a synod held at Rome this passage is the principal authority. It is more than doubtful whether such a synod ever met; if it did it must have been when Pontianus was pope, in 231 or 232 a.d. Jerome may only mean that the great men of Rome all agreed in this condemnation.
756 Both these philosophers were hedonists, and the latter was a sensualist as well. Jerome is probably satirizing the worldly clergy of Rome, just as in after-years he nicknames his opponent Jovinian “the Christian Epicurus.”
757 (Gn xxii.
758 (Gn xxxvii., Gn xlvi.
759 2 K xx.; Is xxxviii.
760 (Lc 22,54–62; Joh. 21,16.
761 (Gn 49,27 Gn 49,
762 (Ps 68,27 Ps 68,
763 (Ac 9,3–18).
764 Cf. Mc 1,30, Mc 1,31.
765 (Jn 11,38, R.V. marg.
766 Joh. 11,38–44.
767 Joh. 12,2.
768 Joh. 12,10.
769 (Lc 7,38 Lc 7,
770 (Rm 6,11 Rm 6,
771 (Rm 7,2 Rm 7,
772 (Lc 7,28 Lc 7,
773 (Lc 7,27 Lc 7, word “angel” means “messenger.”
774 (Mt 3,4 Mt 3,
775 (Rm 8,8 Rm 8,
776 (2Co 3,18, R.V.
777 (Gn 3,14 Gn 3,
778 (Mt 16,23 Mt 16,
779 (1P 5,8 1P 5,
780 (Mt 4,18–22.
781 (Mt 9,9).
782 (Lc 9,61, Lc 9,62 Lc 9,
783 (Mt 8,21 Mt 8,
784 (Lc 14,26 Lc 14,
785 Cf. Letter LIV).
786 Pinguis aqualiculus—Pers. 1,57.
787 (Mt 10,25 Mt 10,
788 (Jr 9,1 Jr 9,
789 (Lc 19,41 Lc 19,
790 (Qo 9,8 Qo 9,
791 (Lc 23,43 Lc 23,
792 Cf. Qo 12,7.
793 (Jn 11,35, Jn 11,36 Jn 11,
794 (Jb 3,3, cf. Jr 20,14).
795 (Jr 15,10 Jr 15,
796 (Jr 12,1 Jr 12,
797 (Ps 73,2, 3, 11, 12, Vulg.
798 (Ps 73,15 Ps 73,
799 (Ez 18,20 Ez 18,
800 (Ez 18,4 Ez 18,
801 (Ex 20,5 Ex 20,
802 (Ps 73,13, Ps 73,14 Ps 73,
803 (Ps 73,16, Ps 73,17 Ps 73,
804 (Ps 36,6 Ps 36,
805 (Rm 11,33 Rm 11,
806 (Jb 1,21 Jb 1,
807 (Ps 119,137 Ps 119,
808 (Ps 97,8 Ps 97,
809 (Rm 10,10 Rm 10,
810 (2Co 12,8, 2Co 12,9, 2Co 12,10 2Co 12,
811 Cf. Tertullian, Apol. 33.
812 (Ac 9,15 Ac 9,
813 (Sg 4,11, Sg 4,14).
814 (2Co 5,4 2Co 5,
815 (2Co 5,6 2Co 5,
816 (Ps 120,5, 6, Vulg.
817 Joh. 1,5.
818 (Ep 5,8 Ep 5,
819 A famous stoic who committed suicide in extreme old age. See Diogenes Laertius (vii. I) for an account of his death.
820 An academic philosopher of Ambracia, who is said to have killed himself after reading the Phaedo of Plato.
821 Cato of Utica, who, after the battle of Thapsus (46 b.c.), committed suicide to avoid failing into the hands of Caesar.
822 (Is 66,2 Is 66,
823 (Jon 2,2–7.
824 (1Th 4,13 1Th 4,
825 Viz. Paulina, wife of Praetextatus and priestess of Ceres. See Letter XXIII).
826 (Gn 37,35,
827 (2S 18,33,
828 (Dt 34,8,
829 Nu. 20,29.
830 (Gn 3,24, cf. Ez 1,15–20. Here as in his Comm. on Qo 3,16–22, Jerome follows Origen, who, in his homily de Engastrimytho, lays down that until Christ came to set them free the patriarchs, prophets, and saints of the Old Testament were all in hell.
831 Apud inferos—Lc 16,23.
832 (2S 17,1–4.
833 (Ac 8,2).
834 (Gn 1
835 Nb 20,29.
836 (Jos 24,30,
837 Ad inferos. Hades is meant, not Gehenna.
838 (Rm 5,14 Rm 5,
839 The Greek form of Joshua. Cf. Acts vii. 45, A. V.
840 I learn from Dr. Neubauer, of Oxford, that this is still a practice during mourning among the Jews of the East. He refers to Tur Joreh Deah. §378.
841 (Gn 25,34 Gn 25,
842 (Ga 3,27 Ga 3,
843 (1P 2,9,
844 (Lv 10,6, Lv 10,12 Lv 10,
845 (Lv 21,10–12.
846 (Lc 9,59–62.
847 (Lv 21,12, Vulg.
848 1 Joh. 2,27.
849 (Gn 12,1–4).
850 (Rt i.
851 (Mt 1,5,
852 Or Melania. She went with Rufinus to the East, and settled with him on the Mt. of Olives; and incurred Jerome’s resentment as Rufinus’ friend. See Ep. cxxxiii. 3. “She whose name of blackness attests the darkness of her perfidy.”
853 (Mc 5,39 Mc 5,
854 (Lc 24,5 Lc 24,
855 Joh. 20,17).
856 (Lc 2,36, Lc 2,37 Lc 2,
857 (Is 20,2 Is 20,
858 (Jr 13,6, Jr 13,7 Jr 13,
859 (Ez 4,9–16.
860 (Ez 24,15–18.
861 (Am 7,12, Am 7,13 Am 7,
862 (Ga 4,16 Ga 4,
863 (Jn 6,60, Jn 6,66 Jn 6,
864 Nasus. A play on the name Onasus.
865 Cf. Persius, 50,33.
866 Virg. A. 6,497).
867 Onasus means “lucky” or “profitable;” it is another form of Onesimus.
868 Quoted from Quintilian 1,6, 34 (lucus a non lucendo).
869 Parcae, from parcere, to spare.
870 Eumenides, the Greek name for the Furies.
871 Pers. 2,37, 38.
872 Montanus lived at Ardaban, in Phrygia, in the second half of the second century, and founded a sect of prophetic enthusiasts and ascetics, which was afterward joined by Tertullian.
873 Joh. 14,28; Joh. 15,26.
874 (Ac 2,14–18.
875 (Mt 16,18 Mt 16,
876 (Ac 21,9 Ac 21,
877 (Ac 11,28 Ac 21,10, Acts xxi. Ac 11
878 (1Co 12,28 Ep 4,11 Ep 4,
879 A presbyter of the Libyan Pentapolis who taught at Rome in the early years of the third century. He “confounded the persons” of the Trinity and was subsequently accounted a heretic. Cf. Letter XV.
880 (1Tm 5,14).
881 Viz. the period between Easter Day and Whitsunday.
882 Called by the Montanists the New Jerusalem.
883 Oeconomos—according to a probable emendation. The text has cenonas.
884 (Ez 18,23 Ez 18,
885 (Jr 8,4 Jr 8,
886 (Jr 3,22 Jr 3,
887 Mysteria.
888 Victuro martyre confarrata. The precise meaning of the words is obscure.
889 Some suppose him to have been a priest of Cybele, but it would be a mistake to lay too much stress on Jerome’s words.
890 (1Co 13,9, 1Co 13,12 1Co 13,
891 Novatian, a Roman presbyter in the middle of the third century, held that the “lapsed,” who had failed during the persecutions, could not be readmitted to the church. His sect upheld an extreme moral puritanism, as is shown in the speech of Constantine to their bishop at the Council of Nicaea: “Acesius, you should set up a ladder to heaven, and go up by yourself alone.”
892 (Mt 12,32 Mt 12,
893 (Mt 21,33 Mt 21,
894 (Mt 18,11 Mt 18,
895 (Mt 12,25, Mt 12,26).
896 (Mt 12,24 Mt 12,
897 Viz. denial of Christ by Christians.
898 (Mt 26,74 Mt 26,
899 (Mt 26,33–35; Joh. 13,38.
900 Joh. 21,15–17.
901 Viz. Mt 12,32, quoted above.
902 Commentariolum.
903 For the meaning of these epithets as applied to Origen see Letter XXXIII).
904 (Lc 12,20 Lc 12,
905 Nummus. Sc. Sestertius = 4 cents = 2 pence.
906 Obolus = 3 1–2 cents = 1 penny 3 farthings).
907 (Ps 73,20, Vulg.
908 (Gn 1,26,
909 These were worn by both Greek and Roman actors.
910 Joh. 15,19.
911 (Ps 73,28 Ps 73,
912 Senatus Matronarum. Comp. Letter XXXIII. 4: “Rome calls together its senate to condemn him.”
913 (Ps 73,25 Ps 73,
914 Cf. Col 2,5.
915 Cf. Letter CXXX).
916 (Mt 25,1 Mt 25,
917 (Ps 23,5, according to the Gallican psalter.
918 (Qo 10,1, Vulg.
919 (Rm 14,4).
920 (Ps 2,4 Ps 2,
921 Cf. 1S 12,3.
922 Damasus meus sermo erat, or “spoke of none but me.”
923 Ironical.
924 (Mt 7,3).
925 Joh. 15,18.
926 Haggai 1,1.
927 (Ps cxxxvii. 4.
928 (Lc 10,30–35.
929 Joh. 8,48.
930 Joh. 8,49.
931 I.e. Paul. See 2. Cor. 6,9.
932 (1Co 10,13 1Co 10,
933 (He means the sin of incontinence.
934 (2Co 6,8 2Co 6,
935 (Rm 14,10 Rm 14,
936 Sus Minervam.
937 2 Esdras. 1,30; Mt 23,37.
938 (Gn 12,1 Gn 12,
939 I.e. Babel—Gn 11,9.
940 (Gn 10,11 Gn 10,
941 (Gn 11,2, Gn 11,4).
942 (Ps cxxxvii. 1.
943 (Ez 8,3 Ez 8,
944 (Dt 11,10 Dt 11,
945 (Rm 14,2 Rm 14,
946 (Dt 11,14 Dt 11,
947 Dt. 11,11.
948 (Lc 1,26–31, Lc 1,39 Lc 1,
949 (1S 17,49,
950 (1S 18,6-7,
951 (1Ch 21,15, 1Ch 21,18 2Ch 3,1 2Ch 3,
952 (Gn 14,18 Gn 14,
953 Mysterium christianum in salvatoris sanguine et corpore dedicavit.
954 (Ct 2,4 b, Vulg. Hebrew = A.V.
955 I.e. the place of a skull (Latin, Calvaria).
956 One of Jerome’s fanciful ideas. Haddam srh
is the Hebrew for “the blood.”
957 o prwtoplasto" = “the first-formed.” The word is applied to Adam in Sg 7,1.
958 (Ep 5,14 Ep 5,
959 Cf. Hymns Ancient and Modern, No. 235. “Truly Jerusalem name we that shore Vision of peace that brings joy evermore.”
960 Hebrew, Shelomoh, connected with shalem, peace.
961 (Ps 76,2, LXX.
962 (Ps lxxxvii. 1, Ps lxxxvii. 2).
963 (Mt 23,37, Mt 23,38 Mt 23,
964 (Mt 27,51 Mt 27,
965 Bellum Judaicum, 6,5.
966 (Rm 5,20 Rm 5,
967 (Mt 28,19 Mt 28,
968 (Ac 13,46 Ac 13,
969 Sacramentum.
970 (Lc 19,41 Lc 19,
971 Joh. 11,35, Joh. 11,36.
972 (He 9,3–5.
973 (Jn 20,6, Jn 20,7, Jn xx. 12.
974 I.e. Joseph of Arimathaea.—Joh. 19,38 sqq.
975 (Is 11,10 Is 11,
976 (Ap 11,7, Ap 11,8, R.V.
977 (Ap 11,2 Ap 11,
978 (Ap 11,7, Ap 11,8 Ap 11,
979 (Ap 21,16–18).
980 (Gn 4,17 Gn 4,
981 (Ez 16,55 Ez 16,
982 (Dt 29,23 Dt 29,
983 A.V. “the Lord.”
984 Jude 5.
985 Jude 6.
986 Jude 7.
987 (Mt 27,51, Mt 27,53 Mt 27,
988 E.g. Origen in his commentary on the passage.
989 (Ps 132,7 Ps 132,
990 (Mt 5,35 Mt 5,
991 (Mt 25,41 Mt 25,
992 (Ac 20,16 Ac 20,
993 (Ac 21,13 Ac 21,
994 Cicero of Caecilius (in Q. Caec. xii).).
995 (Lc 17,21 Lc 17,
996 Virgil, E. 1,67.
997 (Lc 17,37 Lc 17,
998 Cf. Mt 19,30.
999 (Rm 14,4 Rm 14,
1000 (Mt 7,1 Mt 7,
1001 (Lc 2,7 Lc 2,
1002 Otherwise called the capitol. Here stood the great temple of Jupiter, which was to the religion of Rome what the Parthenon was to that of Athens.
1003 (Ap 17,4, Ap 17,5, Rev. xvii. 9; Ap 1,15 Ap xvii.; Ap xviii.
1004 (Ap 18,4 Ap 18,
1005 (Jr 51,6 Jr 51,
1006 (Ap 18,2).
1007 Joh. 19,25.
1008 (Ac 1,9, Ac 1,12 Ac 1,
1009 Joh. 11,43, Joh. 11,44.
1010 (Mt 3,13 Mt 3,
1011 (Lc 2,8 Lc 2,
1012 1 K. 2,10.
1013 “Who was among the herdsmen of Tekoa”—Am. 1,1.
1014 Sarah, Rebekah, Leah—Gn xlix. 31.
1015 (Ac 8,36 Ac 8,
1016 2 K. 13,21.
1017 1 K. 18,3, 1 K. 18,4.
1018 Lit. “sprout.” In Is 11,1 it is rendered by A.V. “branch.”
1019 Joh. 2,1–11.
1020 (Mt 17,1–9.
1021 (Mt 14,15, sqq.
1022 (Mt 15,32, sqq.
1023 (Lc 7,11, sqq.
1024 (Ps lxxxiii. 9, Ps lxxxiii. 10.
1025 (Ct 3,4, Vulg).
1026 (1Co 13,5 1Co 13,
1027 I.e. his wife. Cf. 1Co 9,5.
1028 Serenilla, “calm.”
1029 (Da 9,23, A.V. marg. Desiderius means “one who is an object of desire.”
1030 Cf. 2 Peter 2,7, 2 Peter 2,8.
1031 I.e. the historian Suetonius.
1032 Probably Apollonius of Tyre, who appears to have written an account of the principal philosophers who followed Zeno.
1033 See this work in Vol. III. of this series.
1034 Cf. 1Co 15,8, 1Co 15,9.
1035 a.d. 392–3.
1036 Marcus Antonius, a Roman orator spoken of by Cicero. Orator c. 5, De Oratore 1,c. 21, 47, 48. His treatise “De ratione dicendi” is lost. See Quintal 3,1, 192).
1037 Marcus Antonius, a Roman orator spoken of by Cicero. Orator c. 5, De Oratore 1,c. 21, 47, 48. His treatise “De ratione dicendi” is lost. See Quintal 3,1, 192).
1038 (Qo 7,16, see Ag. Jov. 1,14.
1039 Against Jov. 1,3.
1040 A Gnostic presbyter of the second century who rejected the Old Testament.
1041 An Eastern teacher of the third century, a.d., the main feature of whose system was its uncompromising dualism.
1042 A Syrian rhetorician converted to Christianity by Justin Martyr. He wrote a harmony of the Gospels called Diatessaron.
1043 I.e. “the abstainers,” or “the continent,” a Gnostic sect in the second century.
1044 (1Tm 4,3 1Tm 4,
1045 (2Tm 2,20,
1046 (.
1047 (He 13,4,
1048 (Gn 1,28,
1049 (Mt 13,8,
1050 From this passage compared with Ep. cxxiii. 9, and Bede De Temporum Ratlone, c. 1. (De Loquetâ Digitorum), it appears that the number thirty was indicated by joining the tips of the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, sixty was indicated by curling up the forefinger of the same hand and then doubling the thumb over it, while one hundred was expressed by joining the tips of the thumb and forefinger of the right hand. See Prof. Mayor’s learned note on Juv. 10,249.
1051 E.g. Cyprian and Origen (Hom. 1,in Jos)..
1052 Paterfamilias). Vide Cypr. de Ha Virg. 21).
1053 Ag. Jov. 1,4.
1054 (1Co 7,4 1Co 7,
1055 Ag. Jov. 1,7.
1056 (Mt 19,9 Mt 19,
1057 (1Co 7,1 1Co 7,
1058 (Gn 39,12, Gn 39,13 Gn 39,
1059 (1Co 7,3, R.V.
1060 (Mt 19,6 Mt 19,
1061 (1Co 7,7 1Co 7,
1062 Ag. Jov. 1,8.
1063 (1Co 12,4 1Co 12,
1064 (2Co 2,7 2Co 2,
1065 (2Co 2,10 2Co 2,
1066 A.V. marg.
1067 (2Co 2,10 2Co 2,
1068 (Gn 37,23 Gn 37,
1069 Acc. to the Vulgate. In A.V. it is the 45th.
1070 (Ps 45,10, P.B.V.
1071 (1P 3,7 1P 4,10,
1072 (1Co 7,8–10.
1073 Ag. Jov. 1,10).
1074 (Rm 7,2 Rm 7,
1075 (1Co 7,39 1Co 7,
1076 (1Co 7,18 1Co 7,
1077 Ag. Jov. 1,11.
1078 (1Co 7,15, R.V.
1079 (1Co 7,19 1Co 7,
1080 (Jc 2,17 Jc 2,
1081 Univira.
1082 (1Co 7,21 1Co 7,
1083 (1Co 7,25 1Co 7,
1084 Ag. Jov. 1,12.
1085 (1Co 7,21 1Co 7,
1086 Ag. Jov. 1,12.
1087 Ag. Jov. 1,13.
1088 (1Co 7,35 1Co 7,
1089 Jerome here explains the word aperispastw" (A.V. “without distraction”) in 1Co 7,35).
1090 (Qo 1,13 Qo 3,10 Qo 3,
1091 Ag. Jov. 1,13.
1092 Ag. Jov. 1,14.
1093 Nu. 20,17.
1094 (Qo 7,16 Qo 7,
1095 Ag. Jov. 1,14.
1096 (1Co 7,9 1Co 7,
1097 (1Tm 5,11, 1Tm 5,12, R.V.
1098 (1Tm 5,15 1Tm 5,
1099 (1Co 7,40 1Co 7,
1100 Ag. Jov. 1,14.
1101 Ag. Jov. 1,15.
1102 (1Co 6,12).
1103 (Ep 5,23, Ep 5,24 Ep 5,
1104 Ag. Jov. 1,9.
1105 Ag. Jov. 1,23.
1106 Viduitas vel continentia.
1107 Ag. Jov. 1,33.
1108 Ag. Jov. 1,40.
1109 (Ap 14,3 Ap 14,
1110 (Ap 14,4 Ap 14,
1111 Joh. 2,1, Joh. 2,2.
1112 Ag. Jov. 1,40.
1113 (2Tm 2,20, 2Tm 2,21 2Tm 2,
1114 I.e. continence in marriage).
1115 Virg. A. 11,374, 5.
1116 Aliud esse gumnastikw" scribere, aliud dogmatikw". The words do not appear to be used in this sense in the extant works of Aristotle.
1117 Plaut. Aul. 2,2, 18.
1118 The reply of Origen to Celsus is still extant; those of Methodius, Eusebius and Apollinaris to Porphyry have perished. Cf. Letter LXX).
1119 Two philosophic opponents of Christianity who flourished, the first in the second, the second in the third, century of our era).
1120 (Mt 13,10–17.
1121 (Is 24,16, Vulg.
1122 Ag. Jov. 1,7.
1123 (1Co 7,1, 1Co 7,2 1Co 7,
1124 Ag. Jov. 1,7.
1125 (Qo 1,2 Qo 1,
1126 (Gn 1,31 1Tm 4,4 1Tm 4,
1127 (Col 1,16 Col 1, Milton, P. L. Col 5,89).
1128 (Ex 3,14 Ex 3,
1129 Esth. 14,11.
1130 (Jb 18,14, 15 Vulg.
1131 Ag. Jov. 1,7.
1132 (Mt 14,15–21; Mt 15,32–38. Cf. Joh. 6,5–13.
1133 (Ps 36,7, P.B.V.
1134 Ag. Jov. 1,3.
1135 Ag. Jov. 1,40.
1136 (Ap 14,1, Ap 14,4 Ap 14,
1137 Ambrose, On Widowhood, 13,79; xiii. 81; 11,69.
1138 (Ph 3,14 Ph 3,
1139 (Mt 15,32 Mt 15,
1140 (Mt 26,26, Mt 26,29 Mt 26,
1141 (Gn 3,16 Gn 3,
1142 (1Co 6,20 1Co 7,23 1Co 7,
1143 Cf. Ep 6,6).
1144 Ter. Andria Prol. 20, 21.
1145 Ag. Jov. 1,7.
1146 1 Th. 5,17.
1147 (1Co 7,5 1Co 7,
1148 (1P 3,7 1P 3,
1149 Ag. Jov. 1,20.
1150 (1S 21,4, 1S 21,5 1S 21,
1151 (Ex 19,15 Ex 19,
1152 (Rm 14,5 Rm 14,
1153 Pers. 2,16.
1154 That what is now known as reservation of the elements was practised in the early church there is abundant evidence to show. Justin Martyr (Apol. I. 65) writes: “The deacons communicate each of those present and carry away to the absent of the blest bread and wine and water.” And those to whom the eucharist was thus taken were not bound to consume it immediately, or all at once, but might reserve a part or all for future occasions. According to Basil (Ep 93), “in Egypt the laity for the most part had every one the communion in their own houses”—and “all those who dwell alone in the desert, when there is no priest, keep the communion at home and receive it at their own hands.” So Jerome speaks (Letter CXXV. 20) of Exuperius as “carrying the Lord’s body in a wicker basket, His blood in a vessel of glass.” See the article Reservation in Smith and Cheetham’s Dict. of Christian Antiquities.
1155 (Ps 139,11, Ps 139,12 Ps 139,
1156 Cf. 1Co 11,28.
1157 Cf. Mt 19,12.
1158 Against Jov. 1,8).
1159 (1Co 7,5 1Co 7,
1160 (1Co 7,6, Vulg.
1161 (1Co 7,8, 1Co 7,9 1Co 7,
1162 Ag. Jov. 1,9.
1163 (1Co 7,8 1Co 7,
1164 Ag. Jov. 1,9.
1165 Fornication must still be subordinated to marriage).
1166 Ag. Jov. 1,13.
1167 1 Th. 5,23.
1168 Letter XXII.
1169 Ag. Jov. 1,14.
1170 Joh. 4,16–18. Jerome’s version of the story is inaccurate.
1171 Ag. Jov. 1,15.
1172 (1Co 6,12,
1173 (Gn 1,10,
1174 Ag. Jov. 1,16.
1175 (Gn 7,2).
1176 The author of a literal Greek version of the O. T. made in the second century.
1177 An ebionitic translator, free, not literal, in style.
1178 A careful reviser of the LXX. whose work was welcomed by the Church. His version of Daniel completely superseded the older one.
1179 Cf. Hor. Ep. 1,6, 67, 68.
1180 Cyprian, Letter to Fortunatus, xiii. 11.
1181 Virg. E. viii. 75.
1182 Virg. A. 5,217.
1183 Tert. de Exh. Cast. I.
1184 (Mt 6,24 Mt 6,
1185 (Ga 5,17 Ga 5,
1186 Ag. Jov. 1,31.
1187 Joh. 20,19.
1188 Joh. 19,41.
1189 (Ct 4,12 Ct 4,
1190 Joel, 3,18; according to the LXX. and Hebrew. A.V. has “vale of Shittim” (thorns).
1192 Hebrew.
1193 Cf. Pr 5,22.
1194 (Mt 13,7 Mt 13,
1195 (Ez 44,2, Ez 44,3 Ez 44,
1196 (Ml 4,2 Ml 4,
1197 (He 5,10 He 5,
1198 Joh. 20,19, Joh. 20,27).
1199 Cf. Letter XXII).
1200 (Lc 16,19–25.
1201 Hor. AP. 390.
1202 See the Preface to Jerome’s Comm. on Daniel.
1203 (1Co 7,
1204 1 Corinthians.
1205 (1Co 7,7).
1206 Master of the catechetical school of Alexandria, 265 a.d. His writings have perished. His name occurs again in Letter LXX).
1207 Ad optata caeptaque pervenies.
1208 Pontifex.
1209 Sacerdos.
1210 Thus including Daniel.
1211 The Hebrew word for “Kings.”
1212 Virg. A. iv. 298.
1213 (Ps 50,20 Ps 50,
1214 (Mt 7,3–5).
1215 A philosopher of the Academy noted for his opposition to stoicism.
1216 Eight years.
1217 (Jc 3,2 Jc 3,
1218 (Lm 3,27, Lm 3,28 Lm 3,
1219 An early Roman dramatist of whose works only a few fragments remain. He is said to have translated the Electra of Sophocles, but for the most part to have preferred comedy to tragedy).
1220 Virgil, Aen. 11,283, 284.
1221 Persius 1,29.
1222 Characters in the Eunuchus and Phormio of Terence.
1223 Juv. 1,15.
1224 Hor. S. 1,4,34.
1225 (Is 50,6 Is 50,
1226 (1P 2,23 1P 2,
1227 (Lc 23,34 Lc 23,
1228 Viz. Jerome and Jovinian.
1229 According to both these philosophers pleasure is the highest good.
1230 The followers of Jovinian.
1231 Jovinian himself.
1232 Virg. A. xii. 50, 51.
1233 Cic. pro Caelio 15,
1234 (Jr 12,13, LXX.
1235 A play on words. Clericatus (“clerical position”) is a derivative of clerus (klhro"), the word used in the LXX. for “lot.”
1236 (Mt 5,22 Mt 5,
1237 (Is 18,2, LXX.
1238 Cf. 2Co 10,14.
1239 (Rm 12,9 Rm 12,
1240 Paulinian, Jerome’s brother, at this time about 28 years of age.
1241 I.e. the short service which preceded the eucharist. The words might, however, be rendered, “When the congregation was gathered together.”
1242 Subdeacons cannot be traced back earlier than the third century. At first their province seems to have been to keep the church doors during divine service.
1243 It seems to be implied that John had done so.
1244 (2Co 10,8 2Co 10,
1245 That is, Origenistic heresies.
1246 (Ps 141,4, acc. to the Gallican Psalter).
1247 (Ac 2,40 Ac 2,
1248 Epiphanius, on a visit to Jerusalem, had preached against Origenism in the presence of John. See “Ag. Jn of Jerus.,” §11.
1249 (Jn actually did write to Theophilus of Alexandria giving a full account of the controversy from his (John’s) point of view. (Ag. J. of Jerus., §37).
1250 (Mt 18,8, Mt 18,9 Mt 18,
1251 First Principles, 1,1; 2,4.
1252 (1Co 6,15, 1Co 6,19 1Co 6,
1253 yucai apo tou yucesqai. The etymology is right, but the explanation of it wrong.
1254 First Principles 2,8.
1255 dema" as if from dew, “I bind.”
1256 ptwma, from piptein: cadaver, from cado.
1257 swma.
1258 shma.
1259 (Gn 1,28 Gn 9,7 Gn 9,
1260 (Ps 119,67 Ps 119, memory, or perhaps from the old Latin version.
1261 (Ps 116,7 Ps 116,
1262 (Ps cxlii. 7).
1263 (Ps 116,9 Ps 116, form of the verse is peculiar to Jerome.
1264 Epiphanius had written a book “against all the heresies.”
1265 In his note on Gn 3,21.
1266 (Gn 2,23 Gn 2,
1267 (Gn 2,21, Gn 2,22 Gn 2,
1268 (Gn 3,7 Gn 3,
1269 (Gn 3,23, LXX.
1270 Introitus.
1271 (Gn 3,24 Gn 3,
1272 (Gn 2,10 Gn 2,
1273 (Gn 2,10, Gn 2,11, Gn ii. 13.
1274 (Jr 2,18, LXX. and Vulg.
1275 (Gn 2,16 Gn 2,
1276 (2Co xii 2, 2Co xii 4.
1277 In his note on Gn 1,7.
1278 Fortitudines angelicae potestatis.
1279 Virtues.
1280 (Gn 7,11 Gn 7,
1281 (Pr 6,20 Pr 6,
1282 (Is 32,6, Vulg.
1283 Cf. Philem. 12.
1284 (Ps 139,21 Ps 139,
1285 Sacerdotium.
1286 (Ha 1,10, 16, 9, LXX.
1287 (Jc 3,7 Jc 3,
1288 LXX. The He text which A.V. follows gives “an hundred and thirty years.”
1289 (Gn 4,25 Gn 5,3 Gn i. Gn 26
1290 According to the LXX. The chronology of the Hebrew text gives a period of 1656 years ().
1291 (Gn 9,4–6; substantially as in A.V.
1292 (Gn 11,10–26.
1293 (Mt 1,17 Mt 1,
1294 This calculation appears to be based on the LXX.
1295 Acc. to the Vulg., which Jerome here follows, the thirty-eighth).
1296 (Ps 39,6 Ps 39, vain show,” R.V.
1297 (Sg 2,23 Sg 2,
1298 (Jc 3,8, 9.
1299 Acts. 9,15.
1300 (1Co 11,7 1Co 11,
1301 1 Joh. 3,2.
1302 (1P 5,1,
1303 (2Co 3,18 2Co 3,
1304 (Ex 34,29 sqq.; 2Co 3,7 2Co 3,
1305 (2R 2,11 2R 2,
1306 (Ac 6,15 Ac 6,
1307 (Mt 5,8 Mt 5,
1308 Words added by this writer.
1309 (1Co 10,10 1Co 10,
1310 (Rm 16,20 Rm 16,
1311 See note on above).
1312 Velum …tinctum atque depictum.
1313 Scrupulositas.
1314 Letter XIV. 9 5,
1315 Virgil, G. 2,484.
1316 Virgil, Ec. 9,51, 54, 55.
1317 .
1318 (2Co 3,6 2Co 3,
1319 (So called because first devised in the Oscan town of Atella).
1320 1 K. 1,4.
1321 The name Solomon means “man of peace.”
1322 1 Chr. 28,3.
1323 (Pr 4,5–9.
1324 (Ps 1,2 Ps 1,
1325 A slip of the pen for Theophrastus.
1326 Cicero, de Sen. 5,
1327 Cicero, de Sen. 7,
1328 Id. ibid.
1329 Cic. de Sen. viii.
1330 Homer, Il. 1,249; Cic. de Sen. x.
1331 (Gn 38,28, Gn xxxviii. 29).
1332 (Jos 2,18 Jos 2,
1333 (1Ch 2,55, Vulg.
1334 (Lc 12,49 Lc 12,
1335 (Lc 24,32 Lc 24,
1336 (Rm 12,11 Rm 12,
1337 (Za 11,15 Za 11,
1338 (Mt 24,12 Mt 24,
1339 Cyprian, Ep. ad Donatum.
1340 Pss. 16,5; Pss. 73,26.
1341 (Ps 16,5, Ps 16,6 Ps 16,
1342 Nu. 18,24.
1343 (1Co 9,13 1Co 9,
1344 (1Tm 6,8 1Tm 6,
1345 Virgil, Aen. 3,436.
1346 (Jr 12,13, LXX. There play on the word klhro", which means (1) portion, (2) clergy.
1347 (1Co 15,33).
1348 Another allusion to the word klhro".
1349 Major domus.
1350 The vow of celibacy is probably intended.
1351 The disability alluded to was enacted by Valentinian.
1352 Titus, 1,9; 2Tm 3,14).
1353 (1P 3,15 1P 3,
1354 (Ml 1,6 Ml 1,
1355 Cicero, de Orat. 3,1.
1356 (So the Vulgate.
1357 (1P 5,4 1P 5,
1358 (1Co 14,30–33.
1359 (Pr 10,1 Pr 10,
1360 This is not extant).
1361 Virgil, Ec. 8,63.
1362 (1Co 12,12–27.
1363 Mortariola. See Nu. 7,24, Vulg.
1364 (1Co 10,11 1Co 10,
1365 (Lc 16,9,
1366 (Ac 3,6,
1367 Lv 21,14.
1368 .
1369 (Gn 1,28,
1370 (Dt 16,5,
1371 Lv 23,40–42.
1372 (Jl 2,15 Jl 2,
1373 (1Co 2,13 1Co 2,
1374 (Rm 7,14 Rm 7,
1375 (Ps 119,18 Ps 119,
1376 (Mt 12,1–9.
1377 (Ps 118,8, Ps 118,9 Ps 118,
1378 (1Tm 3,3 1Tm 3,
1379 Lv 10,9; the word shechar occurs in the Greek text of Lc 1,15).
1380 Cf. Shakespere:—
Fat paunches have lean pates, and dainty bits
Make rich the ribs, but bankrupt quite the wits.
1381 (Ga 1,10 Ga 1,
1382 (2Co 6,8 2Co 6,
1383 (Ps 121,6 Ps 121,
1384 (Mt 6,5 Mt 6,
1385 (Mt 23,5 Mt 23,
1386 Some irrelevant sentences are found here in the ordinary text which are obviously an interpolation.
1387 (Sg 8,7, the cardinal virtues of Greek philosophy.
1388 Viz. thy misdeeds.
1389 (Ps 50,20, Ps 50,21 Ps 50,
1390 (Pr 24,21, 22, Vulg.
1391 The principal physician of this name flourished in the fifth century, b.c.
1392 (Ac 20,35 Ac 20,
1393 (1Co 7,29 1Co 7,
1394 (1Tm 3,2 1Tm 3,
1395 Viz. Letter XXII.
1396 (Mt 7,3–5.
1397 Gymnasia.
1398 Dionysius of Syracuse.
1399 Cf. Quint. X. 1,32.
1400 Apollonius of Tyana, whose strange life and adventures have been written for us by Philostratus).
1401 Magus.
1402 (Gn 2,11 Gn 2,
1403 Philostratus 3,7.
1404 i.e. dwellers in Palestine.
1405 Herod. 3,17, 18.
1406 (Ac 9,15 Ac 9,
1407 A favourite title for theologians in the Middle Ages.
1408 (2Co 13,3 2Co 13,
1409 (Ga 1,17, Ga 1,18 Ga 1,
1410 (Ga 2,1, Ga 2,2 Ga 2,
1411 Cic. de Orat. 3,56, the word ‘brute0’ is inserted by Jerome.
1412 (2Co 10,4–6.
1413 (2Tm 3,14, 2Tm 3,15 2Tm 3,
1414 (1Tm 4,14 1Tm 4,
1415 (Tt 1,9 Tt 1,
1416 Sancta rusticitas.
1417 (Ag 2,11 Ag 2,
1418 (Dt 32,7 Dt 32,
1419 (Ps 1,2 Ps 1,
1420 (Da 12,3).
1421 (Ac 9,15 Ac 9,
1422 (1Th 4,9 1Th 4,
1423 (Lc 2,46 Lc 2,
1424 (2Co 11,6 2Co 11,
1425 Joh. 1,1.
1426 (1Co 1,19 1Co 1,
1427 (1Co 1,21 1Co 1,
1428 (1Co 2,6, 1Co 2,7 1Co 2,
1429 (1Co 1,24 1Co 1,
1430 “Upon Muthlabben” AV. See Perowne on the words.
1431 (1S 9,9 1S 9,
1432 Joh. 8,56.
1433 (Ps 119,18 Ps 119,
1434 (Rm 7,14 Rm 7,
1435 (Ap 5,1 Ap 5,
1436 (Is 29,11 Is 29,
1437 (Ap 3,7 Ap 3,
1438 (Ac 8,27 Ac 8,
1439 (Ac 8,30, Ac 8,31).
1440 Hor. Ep. II. 1. 115, 116.
1441 Hor. Ep. II. 1,117.
1442 Virgil’s full name was Publius Vergilius Maro.
1443 Virg. E. iv. 6, 7.
1444 Virg. A. i. 664.
1445 Virg. A. ii. 650.
1446 Cc. 1–2.
1447 C. x.
1448 C. xi.
1449 C. xlvi.
1450 Cc. vii-xii.
1451 C. xx.
1452 C. viii.
1453 C. xxvi.
1454 Cc. xxiii., xxiv.
1455 C. 33,See Letter lxxviii.
1456 (1Co 14,19 1Co 14,
1457 The mention of Jb at this point is curious: it would seem that in Jerome’s opinion he was coaeval with or very little later than Moses.
1458 (Jb 19,25–27, Vulg.
1459 i.e., Joshua the son of Nun whose name is so rendered by the LXX. Cf. Si 46,1, AV).
1460 (Ga 4,26 Ga 4,
1461 (Is 16,1, Vulg. ‘the rock of the wilderness0’=Moab.
1462 Also called Coniah and Jehoiachin.
1463 They are reckoned as forming one book in the Hebrew Bible.
1464 (Os 1,2 Os 1,
1465 (Os 3,1, 3, 4.
1466 (Jl 1,4 Jl 1,
1467 (Jl 2,29 Jl 2,
1468 (Ac 1,13, Ac 1,15 Ac 1,
1469 The allusion is to Psalms cxx.-cxxxiv. One hundred and twenty is the sum of the numerals one to fifteen.
1470 (Am 7,14 Am 7,
1471 (Am 4,1 Am 4,
1472 (Am 6,11 Am 6,
1473 (Am 7,1 Am 7,
1474 (Am 7,7 Am 7,
1475 (So the Vulgate.
1476 (So the LXX.
1477 (Am 8,1 Am 8,
1478 (Am 8,11 Am 8,
1479 ‘Edom0’ means ‘red0’ and is connected with ‘Adâmâh0’=‘the earth.0’
1480 Jerome interprets the Hebrew word ‘Morasthite0’ to mean ‘my possession.0’
1481 (Mi 5,1, Vulg.
1482 i.e., Nineveh—Na 3,1.
1483 (Na 1,15 Na 1,
1484 The name strictly means ‘embrace.0’
1485 (Ha 2,1 Ha 2,
1486 (Ha 3,3, Ha 3,4 Ha 3,
1487 Strictly ‘the Lord guards0’ or ‘hides.0’
1488 (So 1,10 So 1,
1489 (So RV. marg. Probably a place in Jerusalem.
1490 (So 1,11, RV.
1491 (Ps 126,5).
1492 (So Vulg. ‘the desire0’ AV.
1493 (Ag 2,6, Ag 2,7 Ag 2,
1494 Strictly ‘the Lord is mindful.0’
1495 i.e., Joshua the High Priest.
1496 (Za 3,3 Za 3,
1497 (Za 3,9 Za 3,
1498 (Za 4,2, Za 4,3 Za 4,
1499 (Za 6,1–3.
1500 (Za 9,10 Za 9,
1501 (Za 9,9 Za 9,
1502 This word is not in the Vulg.
1503 (Ml 1,10, Ml 1,11, RV.
1504 (Jr 1,11 Jr 1,
1505 (Jr 1,13 Jr 1,
1506 (Jr 13,23 Jr 13,
1507 Lamentations cc. I.-IV., each verse in which begins with a different letter of the alphabet.
1508 (Da 2,45 Da 2,
1509 See note on LII. 3, p.
1510 The Song of Songs.
1511 i.e. the feast of Purim—Esth. 9,20–32.
1512 Paraleipomena, the name given in the LXX. to the books of Chronicles.
1513 Veteris instrumenti AEepitomh.
1514 (Ps 119,20, PBV.
1515 Plato, Ap. Soc. 21, 22.
1516 Quadriga. cf Irenaeus, Adv. Haer. III. 2,8.
1517 Clement of Alexandria, following Philo, makes cherub mean wisdom.
1518 (Ez 1,18, Vulg.
1519 (Ez 1,7 Ez 1,
1520 (Ez 1,14 Ez 1,
1521 (Ez 1,7 Ez 1,
1522 (Ez 1,11 Ez 1,
1523 (Ez 1,16 Ez 1,
1524 (Ez 1,20 Ez 1,
1525 i.e. those of Rome, Corinth, Galatia, Ephesus, Philippi, Colosse, Thessalonica.
1526 Onesimus).
1527 (Col 4,14 2Co 8,18 2Co 8,
1528 (Mt 7,8 Mt 7,
1529 A verbose rhetorician mentioned by Cic. de Inv. 1,6.
1530 Eusebius of Cremona, who for the next five years remained with Jerome, and afterwards corresponded with him from Italy. See Letter LVII. Rufinus, Apol. 1,19. Jerome, Apol. 3,4, 5, etc.
1531 (2Co 6,10 2Co 6,
1532 (1Tm 6,8 1Tm 6,
1533 Cf. Ac 5,4.
1534 (Mt 5,40 Mt 5,
1535 (Mt 4,18–22.
1536 (Mc 12,41–44.
1537 The last king of Lydia, celebrated for his riches.
1538 i.e. a celibate.
1539 Lucius Furius Camillus, the hero who conquered Veii and freed Rome from the Gauls).
1540 Wisdom 4,13.
1541 Horace, A. P. 94: the allusion is to a scene in the Heauton Timorumenus of Terence.
1542 (Mt 8,22 Mt 8,
1543 1 Joh. 2,6.
1544 (Ex 20,12 Ex 20,
1545 (Ps 45,10, Ps 45,11 Ps 45,
1546 (Ct 4,7 Ct 4,
1547 (Ps 45,10 Ps 45,
1548 Cf. 1P 3,3.
1549 Hac ambitione ditata.
1550 Nb 11,20, Nb 11,31–4.
1551 Pet. 2,22.
1552 Furia’s sister-in-law Blaesilla was through her mother Paula descended from the Gracchi. See Letter CVIII).
1553 (Ac 20,28 Ac 20,
1554 Virg. A. iv. 32).
1555 See Letter XXXVIII).
1556 Persius i. 32 sqq.
1557 Propositum. The word was passing from the meaning of a purpose into that of a formal vow.
1558 (Rm 10,2 Rm 10,
1559 Titiana.
1560 (Ez 33,12 Ez 33,
1561 (Gn 28,12 Gn 28,
1562 (Ap 3,16 Ap 3,
1563 (Lc 7,47 Lc 7,
1564 (1Tm 5,5).
1565 (Ep 6,16 Ep 6,
1566 (1Tm 5,6 1Tm 5,
1567 (Ez 18,20 Ez 18,
1568 (1Tm 5,24, 1Tm 5,25 1Tm 5,
1569 (1Co 9,27 1Co 9,
1570 (1Tm 4,4 1Tm 4,
1571 The island of Lemnos in the Aegean Sea.
1572 The hundred-eyed son of Inachus appointed by Hera to be the guardian of Io.
1573 (1Co 6,18 1Co 6,
1574 (Lc 21,34 Lc 21,
1575 (Ep 5,18 Ep 5,
1576 Ter. Enn. iv. 5, 6.
1577 (1Tm 5,23 1Tm 5,
1578 (Rm 14,21).
1579 (Rm 14,2 Rm 14,
1580 (Da 1,16 Da 1,
1581 i.e. Ahab and Zedekiah whose fate is recorded Jr 29,20–23. According to Jerome tradition identified them with the elders who tempted Susannah. although these latter are said to have been stoned and not burned.
1582 (Mt 13,45, Mt 13,46 Mt 13,
1583 (Jr vi 16. ‘The ways.0’ Vulg. VA V. ‘More than one0’ is Jerome’s Gloss.
1584 (Ex 33,3 Ex 33,
1585 (Gn 37,23 Gn 37,
1586 (Ez 16,12 Ez 16,
1587 Afterwards Bishop of Tolosa (Toulouse). He is mentioned again in Letters CXXIII. and CXXV.
1588 (Lc 16,9 Lc 16,
1589 (Ps 41,i, PBV.
1590 (Mt 5,42 Mt 5,
1591 (Ga 6,10 Ga 6,
1592 Cf. Mt 25,35, Mt 25,36.
1593 (1Co 6,12 1Co 6,
1594 (Pr 19,25, Vulg).
1595 Cf. Virg. A. 4,298.
1596 Her cousin Eustochium seems to be meant.
1597 (Ex 15,21 Ex 15,
1598 (Mt 25,4 Mt 25,
1599 (Mt 27,29 Mt 27,
1600 (1Tm 5,15, 1Tm 5,11 1Tm 5,
1601 Agrorum tributa).
1602 (Lc 2,36 Lc 2,
1603 Penuel (AV. Phanuel) means ‘face of God0’ cf. Gn 32,30.
1604 Asher = ‘blessedness or wealth.0’
1605 1 K. xvii.
1606 Joh. 12,24.
1607 i.e., that of penitence.
1608 Judith xiii.
1609 (Ps 119,103 Ps 119,
1610 The meaning of Deborah.
1611 Jerome appears to have read ymtn
for ym[n
. The latter means ‘my pleasantness.0’
1612 Made long afterwards.
1613 (Is 16,1 Vulg. ‘the rock of the desert0’ poetical name for Moab.
1614 (Mc 12,43 Mc 12,
1615 (Is 6,2, Is 6,3 Is 6, Letter, XVIII. ante.
1616 (Is 6,6 Is 6,
1617 See Letters XXIII., LXXVII., etc.
1618 (Lc 2,36).
1619 (Ps 49,7 Ps 49,
1620 (Ps lxxxvii., 5.
1621 (Mt 6,34 Mt 6,
1622 (Gn 30,33, AV. marg.
1623 (Jos 22,27, AV. and RV. have “in time to come.”
1624 Instrumentum—a legal term introduced by Tertullian. He uses it both of the Christian dispensation and of its written record.
1625 1 Joh. 5,19. Where, however, the word is entw ponhew.
1626 (Mt 6,13). apo tou ponhrou.
1627 (1Co 6,18 1Co 6,
1628 Capitulum, “Passage.” The present division of the Bible into chapters did not exist in Jerome’s time. It is ascribed by some to Abp. Stephen Langton and by others to Card. Hugh de St. Cher.
1629 (1Co 6,13–18).
1630 (1Co 6,13 1Co 6,
1631 Tertullian, on Fasting, I.
1632 (Mt 19,5 1Co 6,16 1Co 6,
1633 (Ps clxi. 4 Vulg.
1634 (Rm 7,1–3.
1635 (1Co 7,39 1Co 7,
1636 (Mt 5,32).
1637 (Mt 19,10–12.
1638 (Dt 22,23–27.
1639 (1Co 10,21 1Co 10,
1640 (2Co 6,14, 2Co 6,15 2Co 6,
1641 (Dt 24,1–4.
1642 Cf. Letter XL).
1643 (1Co 15,25–28.
1644 (Ps 62,1, Vulg.
1645 (Ga 3,13 Ga 3,
1646 Joh. 14,6.
1647 Joh. 12,32).
1648 (Ac 26,2, Ac 26,3 Ac 26,
1649 i.e., the son of Sirach.
1650 (Si 25,9 Si 25,
1651 Letter LI. to Jn Bp. of Jerusalem).
1652 Cf. Jude 9.
1653 i.e., ‘most reverend pope.0’ This title at first given to all bishops was in Jerome’s time becoming restricted to metropolitans and patriarchs. Jerome, however, still uses it in the wider sense. The omission of the title here may well have seemed deliberate, as Jerome was known to entertain very bitter feelings towards Jn of Jerusalem.
1654 Livy 5,27.
1655 Plutarch, Life of Pyrrhus.
1656 Jerome constantly speaks of Rufinus in this way. See Letter CXXV. 18 and Apol. c. Ruf. I. 13, 32.
1657 Rufinus is meant.
1658 Danaë, the daughter of Acrisius, was confined by her father in a brazen tower to which Zeus obtained access in the shape of a shower of gold.
1659 Epiphanius.
1660 Ter. And. prol. 17).
1661 The two speeches on the Crown.
1662 Only a small part of this is extant.
1663 Hor. A. P. 133.
1664 i.e the poets of the so called New Comedy.
1665 kakozhlian.
1666 That is, five years later. Jerome translated the Chronicle of Eusebius at Constantinople in 381–2.
1667 Vix brevis viae spatia consummo.
1668 Preface, translated in this Volume,
1669 Preface §2.
1670 This life long supposed to have been the work of Athanasius was originally composed in Greek but had been rendered into Latin by Evagrius bishop of Antioch.
1671 i.e., Hilary of Poitiers).
1672 Lit. the seventy translators.
1673 (Mc 5,41 Mc 5,
1674 Matthew 27,9, Matthew xxvii. 10.
1675 Quod. AV. has ‘whom.0’
1676 (Za 11,12, 13, Vulg.
1677 Statuarius.
1678 (Za 11,12, Za 11,13, AV.
1679 Pedissequus.
1680 Joh. 19,37: Za 12,10.
1681 i.e., the Italic, for the Vulgate, which was not then published, accurately represents the Hebrew.
1682 (Mt 26,31, Za 13,7.
1683 (Mt 2,13–15.
1684 (Os 11,1 Os 11,
1685 i.e., the Septuagirt and Vulgate versions.
1686 (Jc 3,2 Jc 3,
1687 (Mt 2,23).
1688 (Is 11,1 Is 11,
1689 (So AV. the Vulg. varies slightly.
1690 (Mt 1,22, Mt 1,23, Isa. vii. 14.
1691 AV.
1692 (Mt 2,5, Mt 2,6 Mt 2,
1693 i.e. the Versio Itala which was vulgata or ‘commonly used0’ at this time as Jerome’s Version was afterwards.
1694 (Mi 5,2 Mi 5,
1695 (1Co 1,27 1Co 1,
1696 (Mc 1,1–3; see RV.
1697 (Ml 3,1 Ml 3,
1698 (Is 40,3).
1699 (Mc 2,25, Mc 2,26 Mc 2,
1700 (1S 21,1,
1701 (1S 22,16–18.
1702 (1Co 2,8, 1Co 2,9 1Co 2,
1703 This book is no longer extant. It belonged to the same class as the Book of Enoch.
1704 (Is 64,4, lxx. AV. has ‘what he hath prepared for him that waiteth for him.0’
1705 (Rm 9,33 Rm 9,
1706 Lit. ‘with the old version.0’
1707 (1P 2,8 1P 2, is different.
1708 (So the Vulg.: AV. punctuates differently.
1709 i.e. Hamor.
1710 (Ac 7,15–16.
1711 Drachmae.
1712 Spelunca duplex.
1713 AV. marg.
1714 (Gn 33,18–20. AV. varies slightly.
1715 (Ps 22,1 Ps 22,
1716 (Is 31,9, LXX.
1717 According to the LXX).
1718 (Am 6,4–6.
1719 Jerome’s Vulgate version supplied from the Hebrew the omissions and removed the redundancies of the old Latin version. These were due to the uncertain text of the LXX., on which alone the old Latin version was founded.
1720 This statement is not borne out by the facts.
1721 Cf. Dt 7,13.
1722 proarqra.
1723 Lit. ‘with the heaven and with the earth0’ (Gn 1,1). In Hebrew the preposition ‘with0’ is identical in form with the sign of the accus. Hence Aquila’s rendering.
1724 Jerome apostrophises his critic.
1725 The famous grammarian and critic of Homer.
1726 Juv. 1,15.
1727 Oleum perdit et impensas qui bovem mittit ad ceroma.
1728 Rufinus and Melania, who were believed by Jerome to have instigated the theft. Their names are inserted in some copies.
1729 Plato, Apol. Soc. 21, 22.
1730 This saying is variously attributed to Chilon and others of the seven wise men of Greece).
1731 (Mt 12,35 Mt 12,
1732 (Lc 6,44 Lc 6,
1733 (Lc 14,10 Lc 14,
1734 (Sg 4,9 Sg 4,
1735 Nu. 11,16.
1736 Story of Susannah.
1737 (Ac 9,15 Ac 9,
1738 (1Co 15,10 1Co 15,
1739 (Ps lv. 13: Consessu substituted for consensu of the Vulgate.
1740 Virgil, Aen. 12,603.
1741 (Mt 23,27 Mt 23,
1742 (Mt 19,21 Mt 19,
1743 Compare Letter LII).
1744 Cf. Lc 16,12.
1745 Cicero, pro Murena, V.
1746 (Mt 23,37 Mt 23,
1747 (Ps 46,4 Ps 46,
1748 (Mt 5,14 Mt 5,
1749 (Ga 4,26 Ga 4,
1750 (Ph 3,20 Ph 3, RV).
1751 Joh. 4,24.
1752 Joh. 3,8, RV. marg.
1753 (Ps 24,1 Ps 24,
1754 (Jg 6,36–40.
1755 (Lc 13,29 Lc 13,
1756 (Lc 16,22 Lc 16,
1757 (Ps 76,1 Ps 76,
1758 (Ps 19,4 Ps 19,
1759 Only the second sentence was spoken in the temple: the first was uttered in the chamber of the last supper.
1760 Joh. 14,31.
1761 (Mt 23,38 Mt 23,
1762 (Lc 21,33 Lc 21,
1763 (Jr 7,4 Jr 7,
1764 (2Co 6,16 2Co 6,
1765 (Rm 8,11 Rm 8,
1766 (Lc 17,21 Lc 17,
1767 Hadrian died in 138 a.d.; Constantine became Emperor in 306 a.d.
1768 (Ps lxxxv. 11, Vulg.
1769 (Ez 8,14 Ez 8,
1770 For the tradition that Christ was born in a cave Justin Martyr is the earliest authority (dial. c. Try. 78).
1771 Adonis, killed by a boar and spending half his time in the upper, half in the lower world, is a type of summer overcoming and overcome by winter.
1772 Cf. Luke, vi.
1773 (Ac 4,37).
1774 Castella.
1775 Monachus, lit. “a solitary.” Men frequently at this time made vows, especially those of celibacy, without entering a monastery.
1776 (2R 6,1, 2R 6,2 2R 6,
1777 (Jr xxxv.
1778 (Jr 35,19 Jr 35,
1779 This title occurs only in the LXX.
1780 2 Kings, 10,15, 2 Kings, 10,16.
1781 (Jr 35,11 Jr 35,
1782 Therasia, the wife of Paulinus is meant.
1783 (Mt 10,16).
1784 (Mt 15,26 Mt 15,
1785 (Mt 25,40 Mt 25,
1786 Cicero, de Off. 11. xv.
1787 Probably a quotation from memory incorrectly made up from Lucan’s ‘Nomina vana Catonis0’ (i. 313).
1788 Persius, iii. 30.
1789 Quintilian, Inst. Or. 8,Procm.
1790 Plautus, Curc. I. 1,55.
1791 (Ps 119,18 Ps 119,
1792 (2Co 3,14, 2Co 3,15 2Co 3,
1793 i.e., the new testament as well as the old may have its true meaning concealed from some.
1794 (Lc 8,8, Lc 8,10 Lc 8,
1795 (Ap 3,7).
1796 Cf. Letter LXX. 5.
1797 (1Ch 11,5, 1Ch 11,6 1Ch 11,
1798 Cf. Lc 12,3.
1799 Horace, Sat. I. 9,59, 60.
1800 Virgil, Georg. 3,67, 68.
1801 Afterwards noted as an assailant of Jerome’s ascetic doctrines. See the introduction to Letter LXI.
1802 The allusion seems to be to the behaviour of Vigilantius during an earthquake which occurred when he was at Bethlehem. His fright on the occasion exposed him to the ridicule of the community there. (Against Vig., 1,11).
1803 As before, Therasia, the wife of Paulinus is meant).
1804 (1Th 4,13 1Th 4,
1805 (Mc 5,39 Mc 5,
1806 Joh. 11,11.
1807 (Sg 4,11, Sg 4,14 Sg 4,
1808 (Os 13,15, LXX.
1809 (Os 13,14 Os 13,
1810 (Rm 5,14 Rm 5,
1811 (Ps 14,1 Ps 14,
1812 (Rm 3,12 Rm 3,
1813 (Mt 27,52, Mt 27,53 Mt 27,
1814 (Ep 5,14 Ep 5,
1815 (Mt 3,2 Mt 3,
1816 (Mt 11,12 Mt 11,
1817 (Gn 3,24 Gn 3,
1818 Cf. Letter XXXIX).
1819 (2Co x 3.
1820 Phi. 3,20.
1821 (Lc 17,21 Lc 17,
1822 (Ps 76,1).
1823 Virg. A. viii. 723.
1824 (Lc 23,38 Lc 23,
1825 A Thracian tribe.
1826 The words are quoted by Cicero (T. Q. 3,13) apparently from the Telamon of Ennius. They are ascribed to Anaxagoras by Diog. Laert.
1827 In his De consolatione of which only a few fragments remain.
1828 Val. Max. 5,10.
1829 In the first year of the Republic. Acc. to Livy (ii. 8) his son was not really dead.
1830 The conqueror of Macedonia. He celebrated his triumph 167 b.c.
1831 (Ps 30,5 Ps 30,
1832 (Rm 13,12 Rm 13,
1833 (Dt 34,8 Dt 34,
1834 (Jos 24,30 Jos 24,
1835 Letter XXXIX.
1836 (Ps 48,8 Ps 48,
1837 Joh. 11,35.
1838 Phi. 1,23).
1839 Phi. 1,21.
1840 i.e. Epaphroditus.
1841 Phi. 2,27.
1842 mhden agan, ne quid nimis. A saying of one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece, 6th cent). b.c. See Grote 4,127.
1843 (He 11,32 He 11,
1844 (Jg 11,1 Jg 11,
1845 (Ez 18,4 Ez 18,
1846 (Gn 49,27 Gn 49,
1847 Dedit escam. This is the reading of the LXX. The Vulgate, like the A.V., has “shall divide the spoil.” Compare Letter LXIX 6.
1848 (Ac 9,17 Ac 9, (Cf. Letter LXIX. )
1849 Letter XIV).
1850 For other allusions to a Roman officer’s uniform see Letters LXXIX. and CXVIII).
1851 (Ac x.
1852 (Mt 19,21 Mt 19,
1853 (Mt 6,24 Mt 6,
1854 Like Bonosus (Letter III. 4)).
1855 (Sg 4,9 Sg 4,
1856 Nu. 11,16. Presbyterum. This name (afterwards contracted into Priest) is taken from that of the Elders of Israel.
1857 (Rm 12,15 Rm 12,
1858 (1Tm 5,2 1Tm 5,
1859 (Lc 11,5, Lc 11,8 Lc 11,
1860 (Lc 18,1, Lc 18,5 Lc 18,
1861 Letter LII).
1862 (Mt 12,36 Mt 12,
1863 Jerome here confounds two distinct persons: C. Fabius Pictor was the painter; his grandson Q. Fabius the historian.
1864 (Ex 31,2, Ex 31,3 Ex 31,
1865 1 K. 7,14. A mistake of Jerome. It was Hiram’s father who was a Tyrian.
1866 Hippias of Elis. See Cic. Or. iii. 32.
1867 Conciliabula.
1868 (1P 1,24 1P 1,
1869 A similar phrase occurs in Letter CXVIII).
1870 Plato, Phaedo 12,Cic. T. Q. 1. 31.
1871 (1Co 15,31, Vulgate).
1872 (Gn 5,27 Gn 5,
1873 Virg. G. iii. 66–68.
1874 Died 361 a.d.
1875 Julian.
1876 Died 363 a.d.
1877 Died 364 a.d.
1878 Died 375 a.d.
1879 Burned to death in a hut after the battle of Adrianople, 378 a.d.
1880 Died 383 a.d. by the hand of Andragathius.
1881 Strangled by Arbogastes at Vienne, 392 a.d.
1882 Aspirants to the purple who were put to death, the first by Valens, the second and third by Theodosius.
1883 Hor. C. II. 10,11, 12.
1884 Banished by Eutropius who had owed his advancement to him).
1885 The prime minister of Theodosius I. Shortly after the accession of Arcadius Gainas the Goth procured his assassination.
1886 One of the generals of Theodosius I., banished to the Oasis at the instigation of Eutropius.
1887 Virg. A. ii. 369.
1888 i.e. the Huns have taken the place of the Chaldaeans described in Hab. i. 8, LXX.
1889 Virg. A. vi. 625–7.
1890 (Jr 27,6 Jr 27,
1891 2 K. 19,35.
1892 2 Chr. 20,5–25.
1893 (Ex 17,11 Ex 17,
1894 Jornandes corroborates the account of the Huns here given by Jerome.
1895 (Is 30,17 Is 30,
1896 Herod. 7,cc. 45, 46).
1897 (1Co 13,4, 1Co 13,7, 1Co 13,8 1Co 13,
1898 Bishop of Aquileia. His brother Eusebius was also a bishop.
1899 1 Th. 5,21. “Prove all things,” Vulg. and A. V.
1900 Probably Aterbius (for whom see Jerome Apol. 3,33, and note on Letter LXXXVI). had brought with him some test-formula of orthodoxy which he called upon all anti-Origenists to sign).
1901 (Is 6,2 Is 6, Letter XVIII.
1902 A disciple of Cleanthes and Zeno, and after them the leading teacher of the Stoic school at Athens. He was born in 280 a.d.
1903 This expression is given in Greek.
1904 The father of Vigilantius is said by Jerome to have been an inn-keeper).
1905 onw lura
1906 Jerome subsequently (Letter CIX). nicknamed his opponent Dormitantius (‘the Sleepy One0’), his own name Vigilantius meaning ‘the Wakeful.0’
1907 (Da 2,34, Da 2,45 Da 2,
1908 (Is 14,14 Is 14,
1909 1 Th. 5,21).
1910 (Is 5,20 Is 5,
1911 See note on Letter LVIII.
1912 (Lc 18,2–5.
1913 (He 12,6 He 12,
1914 (Rm 1,8 Rm 1,
1915 That of the Origenists).
1916 Virgil, Aen. 4,367.
1917 Quoted from a poet in the Latin Anthology.
1918 (Mt 13,8 Mt 13,
1919 Paula and her two daughters, Paulina and Eustochium.
1920 (Ez 10,8–22.
1921 (Ha 3,8, LXX.
1922 Cf. Wisdom, 8,7.
1923 (1Co 1,24,
1924 (He 13,4,
1925 i.e., continence in marriage.
1926 Virg. A. i. 494.
1927 (Gn 35,16,
1928 The respective meanings of Benoni and Benjamin).
1929 (Gn 1,28,
1930 (1S 4,19–22.
1931 Ichabod means ‘there is no glory0’; glory being (apparently) a synonym for the ark.
1932 (1Co i 26.
1933 (Mt 13,31,
1934 (Mt 13,33,
1935 (Is 54,1 Is 54,
1936 Virg. A. vi. 625, 627.
1937 (Si 3,30 Si 3,
1938 Viz. the treatise entitled Of Work and Alms.
1939 (Da 4,27 Da 4,
1940 (Si 4,25 Si 4, confusio adducens peccatum: et est confusio adducens gloriam et gratiam, Vulg. Jerome probably quotes from memory. AV. follows the Greek and the Vulg.
1941 (Ga 1,10).
1942 Cf. Jr 1,18. Ez 3,8, Ez 3,9.
1943 Cf. Lc 14,11.
1944 1S 2,30.
1945 Cf. the remark of Aeneas Silvius that “men should be given to places not places, to men.”
1946 Palma, i.e. tunica palmata.
1947 Cf. Mt 19,29.
1948 (Gn 26,12 Gn 26,
1949 (Gn xxii.
1950 (Mt 19,21 Mt 19,
1951 (Mt 19,12 Mt 19,
1952 (Rm 9,16
1953 (Ac 5,
1954 (1Co 9,9 1Co 9,
1955 (1Tm 5,18 1Tm 5,
1956 (1Co 9,13 1Co 9,
1957 (1Tm 6,8).
1958 Cf. Letter LVIII).
1959 (Mt 13,44 Mt 13,
1960 (Mt 13,45 Mt 13,
1961 Cf. Dt. 21,11, Dt. 21,12.
1962 (Jr 2,22 Jr 2,
1963 (Ct 2,6 Ct 2, "his’ for ‘her.0’
1964 Jerome is thinking of Ruth.
1965 (1Co 1,30, He 12,14.
1966 (Ps 73,26 Ps 73,
1967 Quintilian.
1968 What was the mistake? Did the orator say, “Well enough if fast enough”? The text seems obscure.
1969 Fabius Pietor.
1970 Cf. Letter XLVI).
1971 (Ct 3,1 Ct 3,
1972 (Ct 5,2 Ct 5,
1973 Cf. Ct 1,7, Ct 2,5, Cant. v. 2.
1974 (Ps 68,13 Ps 68,
1975 (Is 7,14, Is 7,15 Is 7,
1976 (Ps 68,14, Vulg. (acc. to some mss.). Intermedios cleros—the lot or inheritance—with an allusion perhaps to the word clergy formed from clerus.
1977 Perhaps an allusion to Is viii. 1. Mahershalal-hash-baz ‘Spoil speedeth, prey hasteth.0’
1978 i.e. the oak of Mature under which he entertained the three angels (Gn xviii. 1–8)).
1979 Virg. Aen. 7,112–129.
1980 Beth-lehem means ‘house of bread.0’
1981 v. §14 below.
1982 (Gn 13,5–11.
1983 The letter Y. Cf. Pers. 3,56, 57 and Conington’s note.
1984 (Gn 23,19 Gn 23,
1985 i.e. Kirjathsepher close to Hebron (Jos 15,13–15) where Sarah was buried.
1986 Cf. Jos. 15,14.
1987 An allusion to the name of Abraham’s heir, Isaac or ‘laughter0’ (Gn 21,3, Gn 21,6).
1988 (Gn 14,13–16.
1989 (Rm 12,1 Rm 12,
1990 (Mt 20,28 Mt 20,
1991 (Jb 2,4, Jb 2,5 Jb 2,
1992 (Lc 19,2–9.
1993 (Gn 4,7, LXX).
1994 (Lc 14,28 Lc 14,
1995 See Letter LXI
1996 Joh. 9,2, Joh. 9,3.
1997 (Ps 91,10).
1998 (Ps 73,13, Ps 73,15 Ps 73,
1999 (Gn xxvii.
2000 (Gn 48,10 Gn 48,
2001 (Gn 49,10 Gn 49,
2002 2 K. 23,29.
2003 (Ez 16,42 Ez 16, the Vulgate the tenses are different, but the sense is substantially the same.
2004 (He 12,6 He 12,
2005 (Lc 16,25 Lc 16,
2006 (Na 1,9 Na 1,
2007 (Lc 6,42 Lc 6,
2008 Heraclius, a deacon of Pannonia, who had been sent to Bethlehem by his bishop Amabilis to procure from Jerome a long promised commentary on the Visions of Isaiah. This, which Jerome subsequently incorporated as book V. in his complete work on the prophet, Heraclius succeeded in obtaining from him. See the Preface to the Commentary.
2009 (Mt 20,15 Mt 20,
2010 AV. ‘unbelief.0’
2011 (Rm 11,32 Rm 11,
2012 (Rm 5,20 Rm 5,
2013 (Ex 12,29, Ex 12,30, Ex xii. 38.
2014 The Cainites appear to have denied the efficacy of the atonement).
2015 AV. ‘sin.0’
2016 Joh. 1,29.
2017 Joh. 5,19.
2018 i.e. Paul.
2019 (1P 1,2 1P 1,
2020 (1Tm 3,2 1Tm 3,
2021 This synod held in 359 a.d. was attended by about 450 bishops. It put forth an Arian formula which caused general consternation. “The whole world,” says Jerome, “groaned and was astonished to find itself Arian.”
2022 See note on Letter LXI. 3.
2023 Cf. Cic. In Pis. 1).
2024 (1Tm 3,1–7.
2025 (Tt 1,5–9.
2026 Rendered ‘elders0’ in AV.
2027 Cf. Rm 1,26-27.
2028 Exoleti.
2029 A Scottish tribe, cannibals according to Jerome (Against Jov. 2,7).
2030 Bk. V. 457.
2031 (Mt 7,5,
2032 (Mt 23,23-24, RV).
2033 (Gn 1,28,
2034 (He 13,4,
2035 (1Co 3,17, RV.
2036 (1Co 6,11 1Co 6,
2037 (Ex 21,10,
2038 (Lv 21,7 Lv 21,13,
2039 Canon xv.
2040 Cf. Ph 2,14-15.
2041 (1Tm 3,4,
2042 (Is 27,11, LXX. AV. follows the Hebrew.
2043 AV. that are at ease.
2044 (Is 32,9,
2045 (Pr 31,10-11,
2046 (Pr 14,1,
2047 (Jr 3,20,
2048 (2Co 11,2).
2049 i.e. that of strained interpretations.
2050 V. Dict. Ant. s. 5,stola and cf. Cic. Ph 2,18, 44.
2051 (Gn 1,2,
2052 It is hardly necessary to remark that this derivation is purely fanciful and has no foundation in fact.
2053 (Ez 1,22,
2054 (Gn 2,7,
2055 Query a reference to Is 40,12: the Latin is obscure.
2056 Paradisus.
2057 (Gn 2,8 Gn 2,10,
2058 (Ez 47,1 Ez 47,8,
2059 (Gn 8,8, Gn 8,11 Gn 8,
2060 (Mt 3,16 Mt 3,
2061 (Ps 74,13, 14 LXX.
2062 (Dt 8,15 Dt 8,
2063 udrofobou" et lymphaticos faciunt.
2064 (Ex 15,23–27; Lc 10,i.
2065 (Gn 26,15 Gn 26,18,
2066 (Gn 21,31,
2067 (1R 1,38 2Ch 32,30,
2068 (Gn 24,15-16,
2069 (Gn 29,10-11,
2070 (Gn 27,36 Gn 27,
2071 (Ex 2,16, Ex 2,17 Ex 2,
2072 Joh. 3,23.
2073 (Mt 3,13, Mt 3,17).
2074 The turning of the water into wine at Cana (Joh. 2,1, Joh. 2,11).
2075 Joh. 4,13, Joh. 4,14.
2076 Joh. 3,5.
2077 Joh. 19,34: Jerome here follows Tertullian and Cyril of Jerusalem.
2078 (Mt 28,19 Mt 28,
2079 (Ac 2,38 Ac 2,
2080 (Is 66,7, Is 66,8 Is 66,
2081 (Gn 49,27 Gn 49,
2082 (Ac 9,17, Ac 9,18 Ac 9, Letter LX. Ac 8
2083 (Ac 8,27–38.
2084 (Jr 13,23 Jr 13,
2085 (Ac 19,1–7.
2086 (Ps 29,3, Ps 29,10 Ps 29, ‘the Lord sitteth upon the flood.0’
2087 (Ct 4,2 Ct 4,
2088 (Ga 4,19 Ga 4,
2089 (1Co 3,2 1Co 3,
2090 AV. “though wilt cast all their sins.”
2091 (Mi 7,19 Mi 7,
2092 (Ps 32,1–2.
2093 (Ez 2,1 Ez 2,
2094 (Ez 36,24–26. AV. punctuates differently.
2095 (Ga 6,15, ’nature for ‘creature,0’ a slip of memory.
2096 (Ap 14,3 Ap 14,
2097 (Ep 4,22 Ep 4,
2098 (Rm 7,6 Rm 7,
2099 (Ap 2,17 Ap 2,
2100 (Rm 6,3, Rm 6,4 Rm 6,
2101 (Col 2,13, Col 2,14).
2102 Doctor Gentium.
2103 (1Tm 3,1–7.
2104 (Tt 1,6 Tt 1,
2105 AV. ‘sober.0’
2106 (Lv 10,9 Lv 10,
2107 Cic. de Or. i 29.
2108 Cf. 2Co 10,14.
2109 Cf. Dt. 17,9–11.
2110 (Tt 1,9–14.
2111 Cf. 1Tm 5,6.
2112 (Gn 9,20, Gn 9,21 Gn 9,
2113 (Gn 19,30–38.
2114 (Is 50,6 Is 50,
2115 (1P 2,23 1P 2,
2116 AV. ‘patient.0’
2117 (1S 12,3–5.
2118 Cf. 1Tm 6,8.
2119 (Tt 1,7 Tt 1,
2120 (,
2121 The case of Ambrose.
2122 AV. ‘patient.0’
2123 Sacerdos: as usual a bishop is meant.
2124 Lit. ‘chair.0’
2125 (Jc 2,11 Jc 2,
2126 (Jc 2,10).
2127 Either a teacher of civil law mentioned by Pliny (viii. 40), or else one of the writers of the Augustan History.
2128 The authority for this is Josephus.
2129 (Pr 1,1–6.
2130 (Tt 1,12 Tt 1,
2131 (1Co 15,33 1Co 15, line is also attributed to Euripides.
2132 (Ac 17,28 Ac 17,
2133 (Ac 17,22 Ac 17,
2134 Cf. 1S 17,50, 1S xvii. 51.
2135 (Dt 21,10–13.
2136 (Os 1,2–4.
2137 (Is 7,20 Is 7,
2138 (Ez 5,1–5.
2139 i.e. Lactantius, vide Inst. 5,4.
2140 The author of a polemical treatise against Christianity, fragments of which still persuaded in Origen’s reply. He was a Platonist.
2141 A neoplatonist writer who flourished in the third century.
2142 See note on Letter XLVIII).
2143 Contemporary with Eusebius the historian. His Symposium still extant proves him to have been a warm admirer of Plato.
2144 The learned bishop of Caesarea (a.d. 260–340). His Church History and other works are translated or described in Vol. 1,of this series.
2145 Probably the learned Bishop of Laodicea, whose views were condemned at Constantinople in 381.
2146 Julian was emperor from a.d. 261 to a.d. 263. He reverted from Christianity to paganism and did all in his power to harass the Church.
2147 According to Theodoret (H. E. iii. 25) Julian’s last words were “Though hast conquered, O Galilaean.”
2148 A Jew born at Jerusalem a.d. 37. His historical works, still extant, are of great value.
2149 See note on Letter XXII).
2150 The author of an apology for the Christians presented to the Emperor Hadrian. Only small fragments of the work are now extant. See for him and Aristides Jerome’s Book on Famous Men, in Vol. iii. of this series, c. 19,xx.
2151 Another Athenian apologist contemporary with Quadratus. His Apology has lately been published. Cambridge, Eng., 1891.
2152 Commonly called Justin Martyr. Born in Samaria of Greek parents, he is said to have undergone martyrdom at Rome. Fl). a.d. 140–150.
2153 Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
2154 Fl). a.d. 170. He composed an Apology addressed to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
2155 A highly esteemed writer, from 171 a.d. onwards, who wrote many treatises, amongst which were an apology addressed to Marcus Aurelius, and several works against Montanism.
2156 Fl). a.d. 171, the writer of several pastoral letters to other churches famous in their day but no longer extant.
2157 See note on Letter XLVIII).
2158 Born at Edessa c. 155 a.d. died 223 a.d. A mystical theologian of a gnostic type who held a high position at the court of the Abgars. His writings have perished.
2159 Bishop of Lyons in the latter half of the second century. He was a native of Asia Minor and his younger days had known Polycarp.
2160 Bishop of Lyons, suffered martyrdom under Marcus Aurelius.
2161 A convert from stoicism to Christianity in the latter part of the second century who as the head of the catechetical school at Alexandria was the instructor of Clement.
2162 Head of the catechetical school at Alexandria a.d. 190–203.
2163 strwmatei".
2164 upotupwsei".
2165 See Letter XXXIII. Of Origen’s Miscellanies only a few fragments remain. ‘They appear to have discussed various topics in the light of ancient philosophy and scripture.0’—Westcott.
2166 A neoplatonic and neopythagorean philosopher who flourished in the age of the Antonines.
2167 A Stoic philosopher, the friend and teacher of the poet Persius. Having criticised Nero’s literary style too freely he was banished by that emperor.
2168 An active Christian writer of the reign of Commodus.
2169 Fl). a.d. 200–225, the first antipope. His Refutation of All Heresies is of great interest and value.
2170 Fl). a.d. 186. accused of being a Christian, he delivered in the senate an apology for the faith.
2171 A writer of the third century who compiled a Chronicle of the world’s history from the creation to his own day. It has long since perished.
2172 Surnamed Thaumaturgus or Wonderworker. One of Origen’s pupils, he wrote a Panegyric (extant) on his master. Fl. 233–270).
2173 Head of the catechetical school, and afterwards bishop, of Alexandria. He died a.d. 265.
2174 Trained in the school of Alexandria and praised by Eusebius for his great learning.
2175 The intimate friend of Eusebius of Caesarea and founder of the famous library in that city.
2176 See note on Letter XLVIII).
2177 A presbyter of Antioch and apparently a pupil of Malchion. He suffered martyrdom at Nicomedia a.d. 311.
2178 A presbyter of Antioch in the reign of Aurelian. He took part in the proceedings against Paul of Samosata.
2179 See note on above.
2180 Bishop of Antioch at the time of the Nicene Council. One of the earliest and most vigorous opponents of Arianism.
2181 Bishop of Alexandria from a.d. 326 to a.d. 373. The great champion of the diversity of Christ again Arius and the followers.
2182 Flor). a.d. 341–359. After studying at Alexandria he lived for some time at Antioch where he took part in an Arian council.
2183 A famous lawyer of Berytus converted to Christianity by Spyridon a bishop in Cyprus.
2184 Bishop of Amasea in Pontus, a constant student of Demosthenes and himself no mean orator.
2185 An Egyptian bishop the friend of Antony and Athanasius. Some of his writings are still extant.
2186 This bishop is best known through the Emperor Julian’s vain attempt to expel him from his see.
2187 a.d. 329–379. Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia and a strenuous champion of orthodoxy. His works are still extant.
2188 Gregory of Nazianzus. Bishop of Sasima and for a short time of Constantinople (a.d. 379–381).
2189 Flor). a.d. 350–400. Archbishop of Iconium. A friend of Basil and of Gregory Nazianzen.
2190 An African writer who is his last days became a Montanist. Flor). a.d. 175–225.
2191 A Roman lawyer of the second century. His Apology—a Dialogue entitled Octavius—is extant.
2192 Fl). a.d. 300. A professor of rhetoric at Sicca in Africa and a heathen. He composed his apology to prove the reality of his conversion.
2193 An African rhetorician and apologist of the fourth century. His works are extant.
2194 A celebrated man of letters at Rome in the middle of the fourth century, the story of whose conversion is told in Augustine’s Confessions (viii. 2–5).
2195 Bishop of Carthage. He suffered martyrdom a.d. 358. His works are extant.
2196 Bishop of Poitiers (died a.d. 368). A champion of the orthodox faith against Arianism.
2197 A Spanish Christian of the fourth century. His “Story of the Gospels,” a life of Christ in hexameter verse, still exists.
2198 For most of the writers mentioned in this section see also Jerome’s Book of Famous Men translated in Vol. 3,of this series.
2199 For an account of Epicurus see Letter V. note. He professed to have read but little.
2200 That Rufinus is the person meant is plain from a reference made to this passage in Apol. adv. Rufinum, 1,30 and also from Letter CII. Jerome is however mistaken in connecting this Calpurnius with Sallust. He is mentioned by Plutarch as a treacherous friend. Sallust does mention a certain Calpurinus Bestia, and Jerome has probably confounded the two).
2201 (Ps lv. 6. PBV.
2202 (Ct 3,1 Ct 3,
2203 (Mt 8,11 Mt 8,
2204 (Ac 10,1 Ac 10,
2205 (Rm 15,24 Rm 15,
2206 Italy.
2207 (Rm 15,19 Rm 15,
2208 (Ac 28,30 Ac 28,
2209 Utriusque instrumenti aeternam domum. The ‘twofold record0’ is that of the old and new testaments both of which speak of the church under the figure of a house. For the term “instrument” see note on Letter
2210 (Mt 4,19 Mt 4,
2211 Cf. Ps 104,26.
2212 (Ps 63,1, Ps 63,2 Ps 63,
2213 (Ps lv. 7, Ps lv. 8.
2214 (Lc 9,62 Lc 9,
2215 (Mt 9,20 Mt 9,
2216 (Ct 5,2 Ct 5,
2217 (Mt 24,17, Mt 24,18 Mt 24,
2218 (Gn 13,10 Gn 13,
2219 Jerome quoting from memory substitutes ‘crown0’ for ‘prize.0’
2220 (1Co 9,24 1Co 9,
2221 (Rt 1,14 Rt 1,
2222 (Lc 19,5 Lc 19,
2223 Joh. 12,2.
2224 (Mc 14,8 Mc 14,
2225 (Mt 26,6 Mt 26,
2226 (Gn 12,1 Gn 12,
2227 (Ps 39,12 Ps 39,
2228 (Ph 3,13 Ph 3,
2229 (Ps 84,7).
2230 (Mt 12,50 Mt 12,
2231 His wife Theodora.
2232 (Gn 39,12 Gn 39,
2233 (Mc 14,51, Mc 14,52 Mc 14,
2234 (2R 2,11, 2R 2,13 2R 2,
2235 (1R 19,21 1R 19,
2236 (Si 13,1 Si 13,
2237 (2Co 6,14, 2Co 6,15 2Co 6,
2238 (Mt 6,24 Mt 6,
2239 A disciple of Socrates, subsequently the founder of the Cynic School. Fl. 366 b.c.
2240 See note on Letter LXVI).
2241 (Mt 19,28 Mt 19,
2242 (2Co 8,14 2Co 8,
2243 (Lc 16,9 Lc 16,
2244 (Ac 4,34, Ac 4,35 Ac 4,
2245 (Pr 13,8, LXX.
2246 (Pr 3,9, LXX.
2247 Cf. Mt 6,20.
2248 See note on Letter XXII).
2249 A writer of the sub-apostolic age who had been a disciple of the apostle John. He was bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia.
2250 Another sub-apostolic writer who was also a disciple of John. He became bishop of Smyrna and underwent martyrdom at the age of 86.
2251 See note on Letter XXXIII.
2252 The blind theologian of Alexandria by whose teaching Jerome had himself profited. See Letter XXXIV).
2253 The old testament as translated direct from the Hebrew.
2254 The first eight books.
2255 This work Jerome accomplished between the years 383 and 390 a.d. Only the Psalter and Jb are extant).
2256 This task he undertook at the request of pope Damasus in 383 a.d. See Letter XXVII.
2257 i.e. on Saturday.
2258 At this time the communion was celebrated daily at Constantinople, in Africa, and in Spain. At Rome it was celebrated on every day of the week except Saturday (the Sabbath). See Socrates, H.E. 5,22.
2259 A leading Roman churchman, bishop of Portus, in the early part of the third century, the rival and enemy of pope Callistus and author of many theological treatises, one of which—the Refutation of all Heresies—has recently become famous.
2260 Compare the similar advice given by Gregory the Great to Augustine of Canterbury (Bede, H. E. 1. 27).
2261 Nothing in the book of Ac bears out this statement. Fasting at the times mentioned was forbidden in Jerome’s day.
2262 Daily if you will and on fast days as well as on feast days.
2263 (Ps 34,8 Ps 34,
2264 (Ps 45,1, Vulg.
2265 i.e. the period of fifty days between Easterday and Whitsunday. See Letter XLI).
2266 i.e. his wife Theodora.
2267 (Jr 10,23).
2268 (Ex 3,3 Ex 3,
2269 (Os 13,15, Vulg. Quia ipse inter fratres dividet. AV. follows the Hebrew.
2270 (Os 13,14, Os 13,15 Os 13,
2271 (Is 11,1, Vulg.
2272 (Ct 2,1 Ct 2,
2273 (Ps 63,1, 2, Vulg.
2274 (1Th 4,13 1Th 4,
2275 (Lc 2,14, Vulg.
2276 (Rm 1,7 Rm 1,
2277 (Ps 76,2 Ps 76, (A.V)., the Hebrew word for peace.
2278 See Jerome’s Book of Hebrew Names Cf. also Letter CVIII).
2279 (Mt 18,10 Mt 18,
2280 (Sg 4,11–14.
2281 (Mt 12,36 Mt 12,
2282 (Ga 3,28 Ga 3,
2283 (1Co 15,53 1Co 15,
2284 (Mt 22,30).
2285 Origenism.
2286 Probably as revived by Priscillian, who was put to death 385. See Jerome On Illustrious Men, c. 121.
2287 These terms, the meanings of which are very uncertain, are either the names of aeons or magical formulae used by the Marcosians in the celebration of their mysteries.
2288 A gnostic of the school of Valentinus, who taught in the middle of the second century. Jerome is in error when he describes him as a disciple of Basilides.
2289 (2Tm 3,6, 2Tm 3,7 2Tm 3,
2290 An error for ‘two hundred years ago.0’
2291 (Is 33,15 Is 33, allusion may to the execution of Priscillian in Is 385 may have shared the views of Ambrose and Martin against the shedding of blood.
2292 (Ps 112,9 Ps 112,
2293 (Lc 9,48 Lc 9,
2294 (Mt 10,40 Mt 10,
2295 (Is 49,2 Is 49,
2296 (Ps 121,4 Ps 121,
2297 (Da 4,13 Da 4, May Hir, that is the watcher, Hir being the Hebrew word.
2298 (Ct 5,2).
2299 (Ps 25,7 Ps 25,
2300 (1Tm 3,6 1Tm 3, adapted.
2301 (Jc 4,6 Jc 4,
2302 Cf. Ps lxxv. 5.
2303 (Mt 11,29 Mt 11,
2304 (Ps 132,1, Vulg. AV. has ‘afflictions.0’
2305 (Pr 18,12 Pr 18,
2306 (Qo 4,9–12. The last clause is Jerome’s own.
2307 (Ct 4,9 Ct 4,
2308 (Ex 3,3 Ex 3,
2309 Cicero ascribes this piece of fanaticism to Democritus and Metrodorus.
2310 (Jr 9,21 Jr 9,
2311 (Mt 5,28 Mt 5,
2312 Joh. 4,35.
2313 The legendary oppressor of the Jews, whose fate is described in the Book of Judith.
2314 Hagg. 1,6.
2315 (Mt 6,20 Mt 6,
2316 Nu. 33,47, Nu. 33,48.
2317 (Jos 5,2, Jos 5,9 Jos 5,
2318 (Jos 6,20 Jos 6,
2319 (Jos 10,1, Jos 10,26 Jos 10,
2320 (Jos 8,10, Jos 11,10).
2321 Letter XXXIX.
2322 Letter LX.
2323 Letter LXVI.
2324 Ennius.
2325 (Mt 19,9 Mt 19, Mt 7,11 Mt 7,
2326 (1Co 6,16 1Co 6,
2327 A Roman jurist of great renown who held high legal office first under Marcus Aurelius and afterwards under Severus. He was put to death by Caracalla.
2328 (1Co 7,9).
2329 (Rm 7,23 Rm 7,
2330 (1Tm 5,14 1Tm 5,
2331 (1Tm 5,15 1Tm 5,
2332 A senator who having conspired against Nero was by that emperor put to death. His palace on the Aelian Hill was long afterwards bestowed by Constantine upon pope Silvester who made it a church which it has ever since remained.
2333 Joh. 18,15–27: Joh. xxi. 15–17.
2334 (Ex 32,30–35.
2335 (2S 12,16 2S 12,
2336 (Ps 51,4, Ps 51,12 Ps 51,
2337 (1R 21,25 1R 21,
2338 1 K. 21,19, 1 K. 21,21.
2339 1 K. 21,27.
2340 1 K. 21,28, 1 K. 21,29.
2341 2 Chr. 33,12, 2 Chr. xxxiii. 13.
2342 (Jon 3,5–10.
2343 (Lc 18,13 Lc 18,
2344 Rigourists who denied the power of the Church to absolve persons who had fallen into sin.
2345 Ph. 4,18.
2346 (Ps 51,17 Ps 51,
2347 Cf. Ez 18,23.
2348 (Ba 5,5, cf. Is lx. 1).
2349 (Lc 9,26 Lc 9,
2350 Nu. 12,14.
2351 (Is 47,1, Is 47,2 Is 47,
2352 (Is 47,14, Vulg.
2353 Linteamina.
2354 (Si 11,25 Si 11,
2355 Dilapidare, vendre pierre àpierre—Goelzer.
2356 (Lc 16,19–24.
2357 Virg. Aen. 6,625–627).
2358 (Qo 1,18 Qo 1,
2359 Nu. 24,15–19.
2360 Nu. xxxiii.
2361 Letter LXIV.
2362 Letter LXXVIII. on the Mansions or Halting-places of Israel in the Desert.
2363 The Sea of Azov.
2364 The Don.
2365 An Asiatic tribe to the East of the Caspian Sea.
2366 Hdt. 1,106, (of the Scythians).
2367 The Origenistic controversy in which Jerome, Paula and Epiphanius took one side, Jn bishop of Jerusalem, Rufinus, and Melania the other.
2368 Letter XIV).
2369 i.e. in the desert where many women lived as solitaries.
2370 Like that in which Abraham entertained the angels. See Letter LXVI. 11.
2371 (Nb 23,21 Nb 23,
2372 (Ac 28,7 Ac 28,
2373 (Rm 8,28, note that Jerome substitutes ‘fear0’ for ‘love.0’
2374 The remnant of her fortune.
2375 (Lc 16,9 Lc 16,
2376 Virg. A. xi. 139.
2377 Virg. A. viii. 287, 288.
2378 (Ep 6,12 Ep 6,
2379 (Lc 15,7, Lc 15,10 Lc 15,
2380 i.e. Letter LXXVIII. q. 5,
2381 (Qo 9,8 Ap 3,4 Ap 3,
2382 (Ap 14,4 Ap 14,
2383 (Mt 20,15).
2384 (Lc 10,30 Lc 15,5 Lc 15,
2385 Joh. 14,2.
2386 (Rm 5,20 Rm 5,
2387 (Lc 7,47 Lc 7,
2388 (Mt 11,29 Mt 11,
2389 (Lv 19,15 Lv 19,
2390 (Is 41,8 Jc 2,23 Jc 2,
2391 Also named Nebridius, Prefect of Gaul, then of the East.
2392 See letter CXXIV.
2393 (Lc 18,1–5.
2394 Aelia Flaccilla, the wife of Theodosius who is here called “the unvanquished emperor.”
2395 Salvina was the daughter of Gildo who at the time was tributary king of Mauritania).
2396 (Ac 10,1, Ac 10,2 Ac 10,
2397 Wisdom 4,11, Wisdom 4,14.
2398 (Ac 10,34, Ac 10,35 Ac 10,
2399 (Mt 8,10 Mt 8,
2400 (Gn 41,42–44.
2401 (Gn 41,50–52.
2402 (Qo 7,12 Qo 7,
2403 (Mt 19,23, Mt 19,24 Mt 19,
2404 (Mc 10,27 Mc 10,
2405 (1Tm 6,17–19: AV. has “eternal life” in the last verse.
2406 Animal tortuosum. The epithet recurs in Letter CVII).
2407 (Ps lv. 6.
2408 (Mt 13,31, Mt 13,32 Mt 13,
2409 (Is lx. 6.
2410 (Gn 37,25 Gn 37,
2411 (Jr 8,22 Jr 8,
2412 (So the Vulgate renders Zaphnath-Paaneah the name given to Joseph by Pharaoh. (Gn 41,45).
2413 Horace, Epist. I. 7,30, 31.
2414 (1Tm 6,9 1Tm 6,
2415 (Mt 19,21 Mt 19,
2416 (Lc 16,9).
2417 (Mt 4,18–22.
2418 (2Co 8,14 2Co 8,
2419 (1Tm 6,8 1Tm 6,
2420 (Si 3,30 Si 3,
2421 Cf. Da 3,25.
2422 (Gn 39,12 Gn 39,
2423 The allusion is to the word “officer” in Gn 37,36. See AV. margin.
2424 (Rm 7,23 Rm 7,
2425 Arcadius and Honorius.
2426 (Is 40,6 Is 40,
2427 (Gn 3,19 Gn 3,
2428 (Sg 4,9 Sg 4,
2429 (Sg 4,13 Sg 4,
2430 Virg. A. iii. 490.
2431 Virg. G. iv. 82.
2432 Arcadius.
2433 Eudoxia).
2434 (Ps 127,3 Ps 127,
2435 (1Tm 5,9, 1Tm 5,10 1Tm 5,
2436 The three degrees of chastity are those of a virgin, a widow, and a wife.
2437 (1Tm 4,12 1Tm 4,
2438 (Ga 2,9, Ga 2,10 Ga 2,
2439 Cf. 1Tm 5,3.
2440 (1Tm 2,15 1Tm 2, has ‘sobriety0’ for ‘chastity.0’
2441 (1Tm 5,22 1Tm 5,
2442 (1Tm 5,6 1Tm 5,
2443 (Ac 9,15 Ac 9,
2444 (2Co 13,3, Vulg.
2445 (Rm 7,19 Rm 7,
2446 (1Co 9,27 1Co 9,
2447 1 K. 3,3.
2448 Many drew a distinction between the flesh of quadrupeds and that of birds, abstaining from the former but using the latter.
2449 (1Tm 4,4 1Tm 4,
2450 (Rm 14,21 Rm 14,
2451 (Ep 5,18 Ep 5,
2452 (1Co 7,34 1Co 7,
2453 Virgil, Aen. 4,28, 29.
2454 Dido, queen of Carthage.
2455 Quoted from Tertullian (ad Mart. IV).. The same words recur in Letters CVII. and CXXX).
2456 (Pr 4,23 Pr 4,
2457 (Mt 15,19 Mt 15,
2458 (Gn 8,21 Gn 8,
2459 (Ga 5,19–23.
2460 Horace, Sat. I 3,68, 69.
2461 Horace, Sat. I. 6,66.
2462 (Ps 77,4 Ps 77,
2463 (Ps 4,4, LXX. Quoted Ep iv. 26.
2464 A pythagorean philosopher, mathematician, general, and statesman. He was a contemporary of Plato.
2465 (Jc 1,20).
2466 (1Co 7,9 1Co 7,
2467 (He 13,4 He 13,
2468 (1Tm 5,14, 1Tm 5,15 1Tm 5,
2469 (Ez 16,25 Ez 16,
2470 (Ez 23,3 Ez 23,
2471 (Ex 32,4 Ex 32,
2472 (Ez 20,25 Ez 20,
2473 (1Tm 5,11, 1Tm 5,12 1Tm 5,
2474 (Ph 3,13 Ph 3,
2475 As Judith cut off the head of Holofernes (Judith xiii)..
2476 (Lc 2,36–38.
2477 i.e. Jerome).
2478 (Ct 1,4 Ct 1, the Preface to Origen on the Canticles translated in this volume.
2479 Rem maioris gloriae sequitur ut pater verbi sit potius quam interpres.
2480 i.e. St. Paul.
2481 Or Pamphilus.
2482 See this treatise in vol. 3,of this series. Rufinus with Jn of Jerusalem had been already accused of Origenism. See Letter LI. 6.
2483 For this adjuration comp. Rev. xxii. 18, Ap 22,19, and Stieren’s Irenaeus 1,821.
2484 (Mt 25,41 Mt 25,
2485 (Mt 22,13 Mt 22,
2486 (Mc 9,44).
2487 Chromatius and Eusebius of Aquileia.
2488 Concordia, near Aquileia.
2489 See the introduction to Letter CXVII.
2490 i.e. insincerely.
2491 Plautus, Aul. 2,2, 18.
2492 Paulinian (of whose ordination an account is given in Letter LI). had been sent to Italy by Jerome in a.d. 398 partly to counteract the proceedings of Rufinus and partly to sell the family property at Stridon (see Letter LXVI).
2493 Rufinus the Syrian, to be carefully distinguished from his more famous namesake (to whom this letter is addressed) of Aquileia. He was a monk in Jerome’s monastery at Bethlehem.
2494 (Ga 5,15 Ga 5,
2495 Joh. 14,27.
2496 (Mt 5,9 Mt 5,
2497 (1Co 4,21 1Co 4,
2498 Cf. He 12,18).
2499 (Ps 132,1, LXX.
2500 (Mt xi 29.
2501 (Rm 12,18 Rm 12,
2502 (Jr 11,14, LXX.
2503 (Mt 5,23, Mt 5,24 Mt 5,
2504 (1Co 14,16, where in the Greek ‘giving of thanks0’ is ‘eucharist.0’
2505 (Mt 26,48, Mt 26,49, the kiss of peace formed an integral part of the eucharistic office from primitive till mediaeval times.
2506 Attributed by Cicero to Ennius.
2507 (Pr 1 Pr 7
2508 1 Joh. 4,18.
2509 1 K. 12,10.
2510 Tarquin the Proud the last king of Rome was driven into exile because of his many acts of tyranny.
2511 Nu. 12,3).
2512 (Ex 17,4 Ex 17,
2513 (Ex 32,31, Ex 32,32 Ex 32,
2514 Joh. 10,11, RV.; Lc 15,4, Luke xv. 5.
2515 (Rm 9,3, Rm 9,4, RV.
2516 (Ep 6,4 Ep 6,
2517 John, Bishop of Jerusalem, who had accused Jerome of Origenism, a charge which was brought against himself by Epiphanius (see (Letter LI)..
2518 Jerome represents Jn as saying that he took advantage of a verse in the lesson "to preach on faith and all the dogmas of the Church (c. Joh. Jr ii)..
2519 Jerome now addresses Jn of Jerusalem.
2520 The Origenists.
2521 The orthodox.
2522 Philemon, 10).
2523 The highest and lowest offices in the Roman magistracy. Jerome insinuates that if the ordained slave was a common informer so also was Jn of Jerusalem.
2524 A hit at Rufinus.
2525 The statement that he had read 6000 volumes of Origen was attributed to Epiphanius by Rufinus and Jn of Jerusalem. Cf. Apol. c. Ruf. 2,c. 13.
2526 Paulinian, who had been ordained by Epiphanius.
2527 Sacerdotes; lit. ‘sacrificing priests.0’
2528 Not by himself but by Epiphanius.
2529 Otherwise Lydda, a town in the south of Judah at this time the seat of a bishopric.
2530 Aelia Capitolina was the name given by Hadrian to the colony established by him on the site of Jerusalem.
2531 Nu. 4,3, LXX. AV. follows the Hebrew.
2532 (2Co 5,17 2Co 5,
2533 (1Tm 4,12 1Tm 4,
2534 The word ‘presbyter0’ means elder).
2535 Here as frequently in Jerome the word ‘sacerdos0’ is used to denote a bishop.
2536 Probably Isidore, who had taken a view hostile to Jerome, and who at this time fell under the displeasure of Theophilus.
2537 The execution of the decree was stopped by the sudden death of the imperial minister Rufinus.
2538 (Jn of Jerusalem.
2539 (Ps 24,1).
2540 Cf. 1Co 9,19.
2541 (1Co 13,4–7.
2542 (1Co 13,13 1Co 13,
2543 (Qo 4,12 Qo 4,
2544 Cf. Col 3,14.
2545 Cf. Joh. 13,20.
2546 (Ga 5,15 Ga 5,
2547 i.e. Rufinus’s version of Origen’s treatise, On First Principles, with the Preface, translated in vol. 3,of this series. See also Letters LXXX. and LXXXI).
2548 (1Th 5,15 1Th 5,
2549 (Rm 12,21 Rm 12,
2550 (Mt 5,39 Mt 5,
2551 Of these the two founders of Montanism the first was a Phrygian of the second century who professed to be the special organ of the Holy Ghost while the second was a female disciple who claimed to exercise the gift of prophecy in furtherance of his aims.
2552 Dimidiatam Christi introduxit oeconomiam. Apollinaris taught that in Christ the divine personality supplied the place of a human soul. In his view, therefore, Christ ceased to be “very man.”
2553 Eusebius, although he sided with the Arians, always claimed to be orthodox. However, as Newman says, “his acts are his confession.”
2554 (Is 5,20 Is 5,
2555 Hor. S. 1. 10,1–4.
2556 See Letter L).
2557 From this Jew Jerome took lessons in Hebrew during the earlier years of his life at Bethlehem. From time to time he also consulted other Jewish scholars.
2558 Joh. 3,2.
2559 Cf. Ap 2,9.
2560 (Is 6,2 Is 6,
2561 Cf. Letter XVIII).
2562 (Mt 7,6 Mt 7,
2563 (Ps 119,11 Ps 119,
2564 (Ps 15,2, Ps 15,3 from memory.
2565 (Ga 6,10 Ga 6,
2566 strwmatei", lit. = ‘tapestries.0’ See note on Letter LXX).
2567 The doctrine alluded to is probably that of the Trinity.
2568 i.e. the Bishops present at Nicaea.
2569 The founder of a Gnostic sect in the second century. He taught first in Egypt and afterwards in Rome.
2570 See note on Letter XLVIII).
2571 The Montanists were so called because the headquarters of their sect were at Pepuza a small village in Phrygia.
2572 Croesus when he asked whether he should resist Cyrus was told that, if he did so, he would overthrow a mighty kingdom, a prophecy fulfilled in his own destruction; while Pyrrhus long afterwards received an equally evasive answer in the words, “Pyrrhus the Sons of Rome may well defeat.”
2573 (1Co 15,40 1Co 15,
2574 Article XI. of the Apostles’ Creed speaks in the original forms of the resurrection not of “the body” but of “the flesh:” and it is still found in this shape in the Anglican office for the visitation of the sick.
2575 Cf. Mt 22,30.
2576 Cf. Lc 24,39.
2577 A favourite metaphor with Jerome to describe the nature of Christian penitence.
2578 (Ps xcv. 6, Vulg.
2579 AV. ‘prove.0’
2580 (1Th 5,21).
2581 See note on above.
2582 (Ac 3,21 Ac 3,
2583 See Jerome’s preface to his version of Origen’s Homilies on Ezekiel: and his preface to his own Treatise on Hebrew Names. See also Letter XXXIII.
2584 Origen died at Tyre about the year 255 a.d.
2585 See note on Letter LXX).
2586 tomoi.
2587 Tractatus.
2588 Hexaëmeron: an account of the creation is meant.
2589 (Gn 34,30 Gn 34,
2590 His father Leonides suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Severus.
2591 (Rm 10,2).
2592 i.e. Judas the Gaulonite whose fanatical rising against the Romans is mentioned in Ac 5,37.
2593 Hor. A. P. 359, 360.
2594 Cf. Ga 1,8.
2595 (Rm 1,8 Rm 1,
2596 The (traditional) founders of the Roman Church.
2597 Jerome was baptized at Rome about the year 367 a.d.
2598 Pelusiotae, men of Pelusium, supposed to be derived from phlo", “clay.” See Jerome’s Comm. on Jr 29,14–20.
2599 (Ga 4,26 Ga 4,
2600 See the description of Rufinus in Letter CXXV. 18.
2601 (Mt 5,44 from memory.
2602 This treatise the joint work of Eusebius and his friend Pamphilus has perished. Part of the Latin version of Rufinus still remains. Jerome at this time erroneously supposed that the two friends had written separate works in defence of Origen. (See De VV. Ill. c. 75, 81, in vol. 3,of this series).
2603 In accordance with this edict (promulgated in 88 b.c.) all the Romans in Pontus were massacred in one day.
2604 This letter is no longer extant.
2605 A wealthy Alexandrian, who employed shorthand writers to take down Origen’s lectures. Euseb. Qo Hist. B. 6,c. 23).
2606 If the text is sound here Jerome is again misled by supposing that Eusebius and Pamphilus had written separate books in defence of Origen.
2607 Eusebius calls himself Eusebius Pamphili, that is, ‘the friend of Pamphilus.0’
2608 (Rm 9,16 Rm 9,
2609 (1Co 7,14).
2610 Cf. Hor. S. II. 8,21.
2611 Dionysius of Heraclea called the renegade because he abandoned the Stoic for the Cyrenaic school.
2612 (Is 5,20 Is 5,
2613 Ad. Ux. 2,2.
2614 AV. ‘purified.0’
2615 (2S 11,4 2S 11,
2616 Doubtless some Egyptian monk or ecclesiastic placed under ban by Theophilus on account of Origenism).
2617 (Jn of Jerusalem. He had probably, like Rufinus, been reconciled to Jerome, and seems to have taken no part in the subsequent quarrel between Jerome and Rufinus.
2618 (Jl 3,13 Jl 3,
2619 (Tt 2,15 Tt 2,
2620 (Ap 12,9,
2621 Bishop of Rome, a.d. 398–402.
2622 (Ac 5,29 Ac 5,
2623 See the preceding letter).
2624 The bishops of Palestine are meant. See Letter XCII.
2625 (2Jn 10, inexactly quoted.
2626 (Jr 1,10 Jr 1,
2627 (Ep 1,23 Ep 1,
2628 (Ep 5,27 Ep 5,
2629 Letter XCII.
2630 Cyprus.
2631 i.e. Jn Chrysostom who had been raised to the patriarchate in 398 a.d.
2632 Cf. 1Co 5,4, 1Co 5,5.
2633 Plebs).
2634 By Theophilus.
2635 Cf. Ex 17,8–14.
2636 (1Tm 1,19 1Tm 1,
2637 In Aeliae encaeniis. Aelia was the name given by the emperor Hadrian to the Roman colony founded by him on the site of Jerusalem.
2638 The monk Ammonius is said to have done this and similar things.
2639 Some fifty, led by Ammonius and his three brothers (called the Long or Tall Monks) went first to Syria and then to Constantinople.
2640 This woman is said to have brought a charge of immorality against Isidore and then suppressed it on being placed by him on the list of widows who received the church’s bounty. Isidore was now eighty years old, and there were many causes for the quarrel. Palladius, Socrates and Sozomen intimate that the real cause of Theophilus’ enmity to his old confidant Isidore was that Isidore knew secrets unfavorable to Theophilus. He afterwards went with the Long Monks to Constantinople, where Chrysostom by his reception of them incurred the hatred of Theophilus. See Jerome Letter CXIII).
2641 Magister hactenus navis hora tempestatis ‘quoris et periculo magnam patitur animi jactationem.
2642 (Ga 1,8 Ga 1,
2643 See the account of the meeting of Eusebius with Rufinus in the presence of Simplicianus. Ruf. Apol. 1,19).
2644 (Ha 3,3, LXX.
2645 (Ct 2,3 Ct 2,
2646 (Is 19,19 Is 19,
2647 (Rm 5,20 Rm 5,
2648 (Ac 1,1 Ac 1,
2649 The allusion is to Rufinus.
2650 Virg. A. iii. 426.
2651 Cf. I. Sam. 28,13.
2652 Joh. 8,23.
2653 (Mt 3,7 Mt 3,
2654 Many of the Egyptian Origenists had fled to Constantinople and thrown themselves on the kindness of the patriarch Jn Chrysostom.
2655 (Jr 13,23 Jr 13,
2656 Letter XCVIII).
2657 Letter XCVI.
2658 (He was already dead when these words were written.
2659 Letter C.
2660 Origen.
2661 See Letter CVIII).
2662 (1Co 7,13, 1Co 7,14, the word ‘believing0’ is twice inserted by Jerome).
2663 (Lc 18,27 Lc 18,
2664 Cf. Lc 23,42, Lc xxiii. 43.
2665 (Da 4,33–37.
2666 The Persian sun-god, at this time one of the most popular deities of the Roman pantheon. Gracchus appears to have done this as Urban Praetor, A. C. 378.
2667 In the year 389 a.d. the temple of Serapis at Alexandria had been pulled down and a Christian church built upon its site.
2668 Elsewhere (Life of Hilarion §20) Jerome relates an extraordinary story about the discomfiture of this ‘demon.0’
2669 A well-known Thracian tribe not to be confounded with the Goths.
2670 Cf. Hor. A.P., 21, 22. Amphora caepit Institui: currente rots cur urceus exit?
2671 The books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings are called in the Hebrew Bible the Former Prophets.
2672 (Ex 13,2 Ex 13,
2673 (Lc 1,41 Lc 1,
2674 (Mt 3,4 Mt 3,
2675 Cf. Letter LXXIX. Apparently Jerome means that the difficulty of penitence is as great as that of the camel passing through the eye of a needle. John, he implies, by wearing the camel’s hair shows that he has surmounted this).
2676 Quintilian, Inst. I. 1.
2677 Quint. Inst. I. 1.
2678 The contemporary and rival of Cicero.
2679 Horace, Epist. I. 2,69.
2680 Quint. Inst. I. 1.
2681 (Mt 13,46).
2682 Inferna.
2683 Cf. 1Co 3,17.
2684 (1S 2,27–36.
2685 (1Tm 3,4 1Tm 3,
2686 Tim. 2,15 A.V. has ‘sobriety0’ for ‘chastity0’ but Jerome deliberately prefers the latter word.
2687 (Jon 4,11 Jon 4,
2688 Babylon, the world-power. Jr l. 23.
2689 (Gn xxxiv.
2690 Lucretius, I. 936, sqq.
2691 (Ez 18,20 Ez 18,
2692 (Jn 9,21 Jn 9,
2693 The letter Y used by Pythagoras to symbolize the diverging paths of good and evil. Cf. Persius. 3,56.
2694 (Dt 15,21 Dt 15,
2695 (Lc 2,52 Lc 2,
2696 Cf. Lc 2,43–46.
2697 (Lc 1,29 Lc 1,
2698 (Ps 45,13 Ps 45,
2699 (Ct 1,4 Ct 1,
2700 (Ct 5,7 Ct 5,
2701 Cf. Ez 16,1–10.
2702 (Ct 5,2 Ct 5,
2703 (Ct 8,10).
2704 (Ct 5,3 Ct 5,
2705 Again quoted in Letter CXXVIII).
2706 (Ep 5,18 Ep 5,
2707 (1Tm 5,23 1Tm 5,
2708 Cp. Letter LXXIX, The heathen sage is glass, the Christian virgin the pearl.
2709 See note on Letter XXII).
2710 A Virgilian expression, 9, II., 121.
2711 Simila, but as elsewhere (L. 52, 6) this is spoken of as a luxury, perhaps we should read similia = ‘and such like.0’
2712 Jerome refers to his second book against Jovinian.
2713 Cf. the dying words of S. Francis (which have a similar reference) ‘I have sinned against my brother the ass.0’
2714 i.e. having vowed to abstain from bread, they indemnify themselves with flesh).
2715 Vermiculata pictura.
2716 Jerome tells us that he read the book with Blaesilla for this purpose.
2717 i.e. Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges.
2718 Of these a large number are still extant. Over twenty of them are “festal epistles” announcing to the churches the correct day on which to celebrate Easter.
2719 These include commentaries on many parts of Scripture and a work on the Trinity).
2720 Virgil, A. 8,507.
2721 Comp. Si 19,30.
2722 The number 100 denotes virginity to which in her own person Paula could have no claim. See note on Letter XLVIII).
2723 (Gn 1,28,
2724 (1Co 7,1 1Co 7,
2725 (Qo 3,5 Qo 3,
2726 (1Co 7,4 1Co 7,
2727 (1Co 7,20 1Co 7,
2728 (1S 2,21,
2729 The allusion is to Aristotle who was tutor to Alexander, King of Macedon.
2730 (Lc 20,38 Lc 20,
2731 (2Co 5,6 2Co 5,
2732 (Ps 120,5, , Jerome’s latest version).
2733 1 Joh. 5,19.
2734 (Ps 139,12, A.V. marg.
2735 Joh. 1,5.
2736 (Ps 39,12 Ps 39,
2737 (Ph 1,23 Ph 1,
2738 (1Co 9,27 1Co 9,
2739 (Rm 14,21 Rm 14,
2740 (Ps 35,13 Ps 35,
2741 (Ps 41,3 Ps 41,
2742 (Ps 32,4 Ps 32,
2743 Cf. Ac 7,56.
2744 (Ps lv. 6.
2745 Sacerdotes.
2746 (Mc 10,28–30.
2747 Virg. A. i. 292).
2748 See Letter XXXIX.
2749 Of continence. See Letter LXVI. 3.
2750 a.d. 382.
2751 Theodosius and Valentinian.
2752 Wife of Flavius Clemens, believed to have been a Christian martyr).
2753 i.e. the straits of Messina.
2754 A port on the S.W. coast of the Peloponnese.
2755 Virg. A. iii. 126–8.
2756 At this time one of the three bishops who claimed the see of Antioch. See Ep. 15,2.
2757 (Ac 21,5 Ac 21,
2758 2 K. 23,29.
2759 A maritime city of Palestine which subsequently to its restoration by Herod became first the civil, and then the ecclesiastical, capital of Palestine.
2760 (Ac 21,8, Ac 21,9 Ac 21,
2761 (Ac 9,36–41.
2762 (Ac 9,32–34.
2763 (Jn 19,38 Jn 19,
2764 (.
2765 (Jon 1,3 Jon 1,
2766 Andromeda had been chained to a rock by her father to assuage the wrath of Poseidon who had sent a sea monster to ravage the country. Here she was found by Perseus who slew the monster and effected her rescue. See Josephus B. J. 3,ix. 3.
2767 (Lc 24,13, Lc 24,28–31.
2768 2 Chr. 8,5.
2769 (Jos 10,12–14.
2770 (Jos ix.
2771 Judges 19,Judges 20,According to Judges 20,47 the number of Benjamites who escaped was six hundred.
2772 Josephus, A.J. 20,2,6.
2773 Or more fully Aelia Capitolina, a Roman colony from which all Jews were expelled.
2774 Praetorium. The word occurs in Jn 18,28).
2775 (Mt 28,2,
2776 (2S 5,7 2S 5,9,
2777 (Is 29,1 Is 29,
2778 (Ps lxxxvii. 1, Ps lxxxvii. 2.
2779 (Mt 16,18 Mt 16,
2780 (Ap 22,14 Ap 22,
2781 (Ac 2,16–21.
2782 (Gn 35,18, Gn 35,19 Gn 35,
2783 This legend of the cave dates back to Justin Martyr.
2784 (Is 1,3 Is 1,
2785 (Is 32,20, LXX.
2786 (Lc 2,15, rhma.
2787 Joh. 1,1, Joh. 1,14 logo" the Vulg. has ‘verbum0’ both here and in Luke.
2788 The name means this in Hebrew.
2789 Joh. 6,51.
2790 The word ‘not0’ is inserted by Paula from Mt 2,6.
2791 ‘Will he0’ A.V. following the Hebrew.
2792 (Mi 5,2, Mi 5,3, Cf. Matt. ii. 6.
2793 (Ps 110,3, Vulg.
2794 (Ac 13,46 Ac 13,
2795 (Mt 15,24 Mt 15,
2796 LXX. acc. to one reading.
2797 (Gn 49,10, LXX.
2798 This clause comes from the LXX.
2799 (Ps 132,2–5).
2800 (Ps 132,6, Vulg.
2801 Jerome taught Paula Hebrew.
2802 (Ps 132,7 Ps 132,
2803 (Ps 132,14 Ps 132,
2804 (Ps 132,17, Vulg.
2805 (Ps 22,29, 30, LXX.
2806 (Gn 35,21, Mi 4,8.
2807 (Lc 2,14 Lc 2,
2808 (Jdt 6,37 Jdt 6,
2809 (Ex 12,21–23.
2810 Joh. 1,29.
2811 (Jr 13,23 Jr 13,
2812 (Ac 8,27–39.
2813 This town played an important part in the wars of the Maccabees.
2814 Nu. 13,23, Nu. 13,24.
2815 (Is 63,3 Is 63,
2816 Cellulae, lit. ‘little cells.0’
2817 Joh. 8,56: cf. Gn 18,1, R.V.—q.v.
2818 (Jos 14,15 Jos 14, Hebrew ‘Adam0’ and ‘man0’ are the same word. Hence the mistake.
2819 Cor. 3,6.
2820 (Jdt 1,13–15.
2821 Perhaps identical with “the valley of Berachah” mentioned in 2 Chr. 20,26.
2822 (Gn 18,23–33.
2823 (Is 15,5 Is 15,
2824 (Gn 14,2 Gn 14,
2825 (Ep 5,18 Ep 5,
2826 (Gn 19,30–38.
2827 (Ct 1,7 Ct 1,
2828 (Gn 43,16 Gn 43,
2829 (Am 1,1 Am 1,
2830 (Lc 24,50, Lc 24,51, Acts i. 9–12.
2831 Nu. 19,1–10.
2832 (Ez 10,18, Ez 10,19).
2833 The jaw was the priest’s portion and hence the epithet ‘priestly0’: or else Bethphage belonged to the priests.
2834 (Mt 21,1–7.
2835 Humilia.
2836 (Lc 10,30–35.
2837 Strictly Damim.
2838 (Lc 19,4 Lc 19,
2839 (Mt 20,30–34.
2840 i.e. the Jews and the Gentiles.
2841 (1R 16,34 1R 16,
2842 (Jos 5,3 Jos 5,
2843 (Rm 2,28, Rm 2,29 Rm 2,
2844 (Jos 4,3, Jos 4,20 Jos 4,
2845 (Ap 21,14 Ap 21,
2846 2 K. 2,19–22, type and antitype are, as often, here confounded.
2847 (Ml 4,2 Ml 4,
2848 (Jos 3,17 Jos 3,
2849 (Jos 7,24–26.
2850 (Za 3,9 Za 3,
2851 (Is 28,16 Is 28,
2852 (Gn 28,12, Gn 28,13 Gn 28,
2853 (Jos 24,30 Jos 24,
2854 (Jos 24,33 Jos 24,
2855 Cf. 1S 1,3.
2856 (Jg 21,19–23: cf. Liv. 1,9.
2857 From Joh. 4,5.
2858 The founder of a Samaritan sect akin to the Essenes.
2859 (Lc 7,28 Lc 7,
2860 Other authorities for these strange phenomena are Hilary, Sulpicius, and Paulinus).
2861 (1R 18,4,
2862 (Mt 14,13–21.
2863 According to the common tradition, but Hermon is more likely to have been the place.
2864 In the original ‘Hermon and the Hermons0’; an allusion to the Hebrew text of Ps 42,6.
2865 (Jdt 5,21, Vulg.
2866 (Lc 7,11–15.
2867 (Jdt 15,17–19, R.V.
2868 (Mi 1,1, Mi 1,14 Mi 1,
2869 (Jr 2,18 Jr 2,
2870 (Is 19,18 Is 19,
2871 (Ps 78,12 Ps 78,
2872 A mistake: No is Thebes.
2873 i.e. presbyters and deacons. Cf. §29, infra.
2874 At that time the most famous of the Egyptian hermits.
2875 (Ps 6,6).
2876 Jerome’s own name had been coupled with Paula’s when they both lived at Rome, but he was able to shew that his relations with her were wholly innocent.
2877 (2Co 8,13, 2Co 8,14 2Co 8,
2878 (Lc 3,11 Lc 3, word alteram, one of two (therefore, Jerome means, retaining the second) is found in the Syriac Version of Cureton. It is not found in the Vulgate.
2879 (Mt 5,7 Mt 5,
2880 (Si 3,30 Si 3,
2881 (Lc 16,9 Lc 16,
2882 (Lc 11,41 Lc 11,
2883 (Da 4,27, LXX.
2884 (Za 9,16, LXX.
2885 (Ap 21,14 Ap 21,
2886 (Ap 21,19–21.
2887 (Jb 2,4, Jb 2,5).
2888 (Mt 23,27 Mt 23,
2889 Hor. C. 2,10,ii.
2890 (Sg 2,24 Sg 2,
2891 The enemy of Solomon—1 K. 11,14. Who Paula’s enemy may have been we do not know.
2892 (2Co 12,7 2Co 12,
2893 (Gn 27,41–46: Gn xxviii. 1–5.
2894 (1S 21,10,
2895 (Mt 5,39 Mt 5,
2896 (Rm 12,21 Rm 12,
2897 (Ph 2,7, Ph 2,8 Ph 2,
2898 (Jb 40,8, LXX.
2899 (Mt 5,10 Mt 5,
2900 (Ps 39,1, Ps 39,2, acc. to the Gallican psalter.
2901 (Ps 38,13 Ps 38,
2902 (Ps 38,14 Ps 38,
2903 (Dt 13,3 Dt 13,
2904 (Is 28,9–11, LXX.
2905 (Rm 5,3–5.
2906 (2Co 4,16 2Co 4,
2907 Vulg.
2908 (2Co 4,17, 2Co 4,18).
2909 (Is 49,8 Is 49,
2910 (Is 51,7, Is 51,8 Is 51,
2911 (Lc 21,19, R.V.
2912 (Rm 8,18 Rm 8,
2913 1 Th. 3,4, R.V.
2914 (Pr 14,29 Pr 14,
2915 (2Co 12,10 2Co 12,
2916 (2Co 4,7 2Co 4,
2917 (1Co 15,54 1Co 15,
2918 (2Co 1,5 2Co 1,
2919 (2Co 1,7 2Co 1,
2920 (Ps 42,11 Ps 42,
2921 (Lc 9,23 Lc 9,
2922 (Lc 9,24 Lc 9,
2923 (Mt 16,26 Mt 16,
2924 (Jb 1,21 Jb 1,
2925 1 Joh. 2,15–17.
2926 (Ps 77,4, Vulg.
2927 (Mt 10,37 Mt 10,
2928 (Ps lxxix. 11, LXX.
2929 (1Co 4,9 1Co 4,
2930 (1Co 4,10 1Co 4,
2931 (1Co 1,25 1Co 1,
2932 (Ps 69,5 Ps 69,
2933 (Ps lxxi. 7.
2934 (Ps 73,22, Ps 73,23 Ps 73,
2935 (Mc 3,21 Mc 3,
2936 Joh. 8,48.
2937 (Lc 11,15 Lc 11,
2938 (2Co 1,12 2Co 1,
2939 Joh. 15,19.
2940 Cf. Ps 44,21.
2941 (Ps 44,17, Ps 44,18 Ps 44,
2942 (Ps 44,22 Ps 44,
2943 (Ps 118,6, P.B.V.
2944 (Pr 7,2, LXX).
2945 Cf. 1Co 9,11.
2946 The Gathering; perhaps used, like the Greek sunodo", for the Communion. The opening prayer came thus to be called The Collect. See note on Letter LI).
2947 For the canonical hours see note on Letter XXII).
2948 (1Co 4,21 1Co 4,
2949 (1Tm 6,8 1Tm 6,
2950 Cf. Sall. Cat. 11,
2951 (Si 13,2 Si 13,
2952 (Ps 63,1 Ps 63,
2953 e.g. Aristotle, E.N. 2,6.
2954 (Ne quid nimis, in Greek Mhden agan.
2955 (Rm 7,24 Rm 7,
2956 (2Tm 4,7, 2Tm 4,8 2Tm 4,
2957 (Ap 14,4 Ap 14,
2958 Cf. Lc 6,21.
2959 (Ps 48,8 Ps 48,
2960 (Jr 2,13 Jr 2,
2961 Joh. 4,14.
2962 (Ps 30,11 Ps 30,
2963 (Ps 102,9 Ps 102,
2964 (Ps 42,3 Ps 42,
2965 Cf. Ps 78,25.
2966 (Ps 34,8 Ps 34,
2967 (Ps 45,1, R.V.
2968 (Is 65,13, Is 65,14 Is 65,
2969 (Ps 42,1, Ps 42,2).
2970 (Sg 9,15 Sg 9,
2971 (1Co 15,44 1Co 15,
2972 (Ps 74,19, R.V.
2973 (Ps 68,30, R.V.
2974 (Mt 22,29, Mt 22,30 Mt 22,
2975 (Lc 7,27 Lc 7, Greek word and means ‘messenger.0’
2976 Joh. 20,26–28.
2977 (Jb 21,4 Jb 21,
2978 (Lc 24,42, Lc 24,43).
2979 (Mc 5,43 Mc 5,
2980 Joh. 12,2.
2981 Joh. 20,19.
2982 (Mt 14,25 Mt 14,
2983 (Mt 14,29 Mt 14,
2984 (Mt 14,31 Mt 14,
2985 Joh. 20,27.
2986 (Lc 24,39, Lc 24,40 Lc 24,
2987 Globos stoicorum atque aëria quaedam deliramenta.
2988 (Ps 36,6 Ps 36,
2989 (Rm 11,33, Rm 11,34 Rm 11,
2990 Jerome was at this time about 60 years old.
2991 (Ep 4,13 Ep 4,
2992 (Jc 1,19 Jc 1,
2993 (Dt 27,9, R.V.
2994 Vetus et novurn instrumentum).
2995 Toxotius, Laeta, the younger Paula. Comp. Letter CVII.
2996 (Mt 8,25, Lc 8,24.
2997 (Ps 44,23 Ps 44,
2998 (Qo 9,2 Qo 9,
2999 (Ps 26,8 Ps 26,
3000 (Ps 84,1, Ps 84,2 Ps 84,
3001 (Ps 84,10, Vulg.
3002 For the technical meaning of inclamatio vide Virg. A. 1. 219, with Conington’s note).
3003 i.e. presbyters and deacons—see above.
3004 (Ct 2,10–12, Vulg.
3005 (Ps 27,13 Ps 27,
3006 (Ac 9,39 Ac 9,
3007 (Ps 131,2 Ps 131,
3008 Corbona. See Mt 27,6, Vulg.
3009 (1Co 2,9 1Co 2,
3010 (Ct 5,10 Ct 5,
3011 (Gn 12,1 Gn 12,
3012 (Jr 51,6 Jr 51,
3013 (Rt 1,16 Rt 1,
3014 Stilus).
3015 Horace, C. III. 30,1.
3016 (2Co 3,6 2Co 3,
3017 (Ep i. 21.
3018 (Rm i. 25.
3019 (Mt x. 40.
3020 Deut. xxxiv. 6.
3021 Probably Exuperius of Toulouse).
3022 (Ps ii. 9.
3023 (1Co 5,5 1Co 5,
3024 (Ps l. 18.
3025 (Ps 101,8 Ps 101,
3026 Ps. cxxxix. 21, Ps 139,22.
3027 (Ps cxvi. 15.
3028 Cic. Cat. ii. 1, of Catiline.
3029 A contemporary and ally of Augustus.
3030 Nu. xxv. 7, Nu. 25,8.
3031 1 K. xviii. 40.
3032 (Lc vi. 15: so called probably because he came from the most fanatical party among the Pharisees.
3033 (Ac 5, 1–10.
3034 Acts xiii. 8–11.
3035 Deut. xiii. 6–9.
3036 Deut. xiii. 5.
3037 Acts viii. 2.
3038 Matt. xxvi. 40, Mt 26,41.
3039 (Ps cxix. 62.
3040 (Lc vi. 12.
3041 (Ac xvi. 25–38.
3042 (Col iv. 2.
3043 2 Cor. xi. 27.
3044 (Ps cxxi. 4.
3045 (Da iv. 13. Jerome gives the Hebrew word for watcher, viz). ry[
3046 (Ps xliv. 23.
3047 Matt. viii. 25: Lc 8,24.
3048 Cf. 1 Cor. 9,26).
3049 Matt. iii. 10.
3050 (Os vi. 5, LXX.
3051 (Is xxi. 9.
3052 Joh. 7, 24).
3053 (So the embroidered cloths used in Catholic Churches to cover the sacramental elements are still called).
3054 Hor. Sat. I. 10,3, 4.
3055 (Ps lxix 12.
3056 (Ps 141,3, Ps 141,4 Ps 141,
3057 (Lc 2,51 Lc 2,
3058 Joh. 19,26, Joh. 19,27).
3059 Viz. men’s society.
3060 (Pr 10,9 Pr 10,
3061 (Rm 12,17 Rm 12,
3062 (Lc 14,26).
3063 Lineatos juvenes. The linea appears to have been a close-fitting jerkin.
3064 To ingratiate himself with their mistress. Cf. 108).
3065 (Jr 2,22 Jr 2,
3066 From Jr 3,3.
3067 Contubernalis).
3068 Viz. the mother and daughter.
3069 Viz. the monk who was son of the widow and brother of the virgin.
3070 Cf. Letter LX).
3071 (Si 22,6 Si 22,
3072 (Lc 7,11–15.
3073 (Mt 9,24 Mt 9,
3074 Joh. 11,39, Joh. 11,43, Joh. xi. 44.
3075 (Am 5,19 Am 5,
3076 Cf. Ap 19,11–16).
3077 (Jb 1,20, 21, LXX.
3078 Horace, C. III. 3,7, 8.
3079 (Jb 2,3 Jb 2,
3080 (Jb 2,4, Jb 2,5 Jb 2,
3081 (He alludes to the prohgmena of the Stoics.
3082 1 K. 21,10, Vulg. (which mistranslates the neutral verb of the Hebrew).
3083 (Jb 2,6).
3084 (Si 2,1 Si 2,
3085 (Lc 17,10 Lc 17,
3086 (Mc 10,21 Mc 10,
3087 (Ac 5,1–10.
3088 (Lc 16,9 Lc 16,
3089 (Mt 9,9 Mt 9,
3090 (Ps 16,5 Ps 16,
3091 Nu. 18,20–24.
3092 (Lc 9,62 Lc 9,
3093 (Gn 39,12 Gn 39,
3094 2R 2,11 2R 2,13.
3095 But see 1Co 9,5.
3096 (1Tm 2,4 2P 3,9 2P 3,
3097 Crates the Theban).
3098 (Rm 12,i.
3099 (He 12,6 He 12,
3100 (Mc 12,43, Mc 12,44 Mc 12,
3101 Cf. He 11,17–19.
3102 (Jg 11,34–40; He 11,32 He 11,
3103 (Lv 19,2 1P 1,16 1P 1,
3104 (Lc 18,28 Lc 18,
3105 (Ps 90,10 Ps 90,
3106 (Ps 127,5 Ps 127,
3107 (Lc 16,25).
3108 (Gn 28,12, Gn 28,13 Gn 28, Letters CVIII. and CXXIII).
3109 Of this lady nothing is known.
3110 Words of Virg. A. 1. 364, relating to Dido.
3111 For Hedibia and her family, see an article in Dict. of Christ. Biog).
3112 This lady lived in Gaul and was a diligent student of scripture. Letter CXX. is address to her.
3113 Joh. 1,41, Joh. 1,45.
3114 Joh. 1,42.
3115 Joh. 1,47.
3116 (Gn 19,15–26.
3117 Cf. Wisdom, 10,7.
3118 (Jc 2,23 Jc 2,
3119 (Gn 18,1 Gn 18,
3120 (Ct 1,7 Ct 1,
3122 (2Co 2,4 2Co 2,
3123 (Ez 2,10, LXX.
3124 (Pr 18,3, LXX.
3125 (Is 22,12, Is 22,13 Is 22,
3126 (Ez 33,10, Ez xxxiii. 11.
3127 (Jr 2,25, LXX.
3128 (Jr 8,4 Jr 8,
3129 (Is 30,15, LXX.
3130 (Ez 18,30–32).
3131 (Ez 33,11 Ez 33,
3132 (Ps lxxxv. 4.
3133 (Ps 30,7 Ps 30,
3134 (Ps 18,37, R.V.
3135 (Os 2,7–9.
3136 (Os 2,6 Os 2,
3137 Joh. 14,6.
3138 (Ps 126,5, Ps 126,6 Ps 126,
3139 (Ps 6,6 Ps 6,
3140 (Ps 42,1–3.
3141 (Ps 63,1–3 R.V.
3142 (Lc 19,41 Lc 19,
3143 (Lc 22,62 Lc 22,
3144 (Ps 119,136 Ps 119,
3145 (Jr 9,1 Jr 9,
3146 (Jr 22,10 Jr 22,
3147 (Mt 8,22 Mt 8,
3148 (Lm 2,18 Lm 2,
3149 (Rm 12,15 Rm 12,
3150 (Jr 2,21 Jr 2,
3151 (Jr 2,27 Jr 2,
3152 (Jr 3,6, Jr 3,7).
3153 (Jr 3,1, Vulg. The Hebrew contains nothing corresponding to the words “and I will receive thee.” The Latin Version mentioned in the text is of course the old Latin.
3154 (Is 31,6, LXX.
3155 (Is 45,21, Is 45,22 Is 45,
3156 (Is 46,8, 9, LXX.
3157 (Jl 2,12, Jl 2,13 Jl 2,
3158 (Os 11,8, Os 11,9 Os 11,
3159 (Ps 6,5 Ps 6,
3160 (Ps 32,5, Ps 32,6 Ps 32,
3161 (Lm 2,18 Lm 2,
3162 (Ps lxxxv. 10.
3163 In the Vulg. the fiftieth.
3164 Cf. the heading of the psalm in A.V.
3166 (Ps 51,1 Ps 51,
3167 (Ps 51,2–4.
3168 (Rm 11,32 Rm 11,
3169 (Ps 51,13 Ps 51,
3170 (Ps xcvi. 6, Vulg.
3171 (Ps 38,5 Ps 38,
3172 (Pr 28,13 Pr 28,
3175 (Mt 12,41 Mt 12,
3176 (Mt 9,13 Mt 9,
3177 (Lc 15,8–10.
3178 (Lc 15,4, Lc 15,5 Lc 15,
3179 (Lc 15,10 Lc 15,
3180 (Mt 3,2 Mt 3,
3181 (Lc 15,11–24.
3182 (Qo 9,8 Qo 9,
3183 (Ps 4,6, acc. to the Gallican and Roman psalters. The allusions throughout are to the ritual practised in Jerome’s day in connection with the reception of penitents.
3184 (Ez 33,12 Ez 33,
3185 (Pr 24,16 Pr 24,
3186 Cf. Mt 18,21, Mt xviii. 22.
3187 Cf. Lc 7,47.
3188 (Lc 7,48 Lc 7,
3189 Cf. Lc 18,14.
3190 (Jr 18,7–12.
3191 (Lc 2,34 Lc 2,
3192 (1Co 5,1, 1Co 5,2 1Co 5,
3193 (2Co 2,7 2Co 2,
3194 (Jb 14,4, 5, LXX.
3195 (Jb 25,5 Jb 25,
3196 (Jb 4,18 Jb 4,
3197 (Rm 7,24 Rm 7,
3198 (Rm 7,18).
3199 (Pr 24,16 Pr 24,
3200 Cf. Ez 33,12.
3201 (Lc 1,20–22.
3202 (Jr 23,28 Jr 23,
3203 (Mt 3,12 Mt 3,
3204 (Ps lv. 6.
3205 (1Co 7,5 1Co 7,
3206 (Dt 5,31 Dt 5,
3207 (Ps 40,2 Ps 40,
3208 Cf. Mt 7,24–27.
3209 (1Co 6,17 1Co 6,
3210 Virgil, Aeneid, 1,364.
3211 A favourite phrase with Jerome. See Letter CXVII).
3212 Viz. Artemia.
3213 (Mt 9,1–7.
3214 (Mt 15,22 Mt 15,
3215 (Ps 119,176).
3216 Cf. Letter LX).
3217 Letters LIV., LXXV., LXXIX., and others.
3218 Ageruchia = Greatheart.
3219 (Lc 2,36, Lc 2,37 Lc 2,
3220 See Letter XLVIII., also infra.
3221 Cf. Letter LXXVII).
3222 (1Tm 5,14, 1Tm 5,15 1Tm 5,
3223 (1Tm 5,9, 1Tm 5,10 1Tm 5,
3224 (1Tm 5,5 1Tm 5,
3225 (1Tm 5,11, 1Tm 5,12 1Tm 5,
3226 (1Tm 5,14, 1Tm 5,15 1Tm 5,
3227 (So Vulg).
3228 Ovid, Am. iii. 2, 83.
3229 1 Cor. vii. 8, 1Co 7,9.
3230 Cf. Letters XLVIII. and LXXIX).
3231 (So R.V. marg.
3232 (1Co 7,39, 1Co 7,40, Rm 7,2 Rm 7,
3233 (2Co 6,14–16.
3234 Dt. 22,10.
3235 (1Tm 5,9 1Tm 5,
3236 (1Co 7,29 1Co 7,
3237 (1Tm 5,3–5, 1Tm 5,16 1Tm 5,
3238 (1Tm 5,17 1Tm 5,
3239 (Ex 20,12).
3240 (Mc 7,11 Mc 7,
3241 Text corrupt: probably ‘quasi0’ should be substituted for ‘si.0’
3242 Cf. Lc 16,9.
3243 A reminiscence of Tert. de Exh. Cast. 7,
3244 (1Co 7,8, 1Co 7,9 1Co 7,
3245 Jerome seems to be here relying on tradition.
3246 (Lv 22,12, Lv 22,13 Lv 22,
3247 From Tert. de Exh. Cast. xiii.
3248 Julian, Orat. 5,
3249 See Dict. Antiq. s.v. flamen.
3250 The sacred bull of Memphis, generally called Apis.
3251 Dido).
3252 Who refused to survive the fall of Carthage. The story is told by Polybius.
3253 See Livy, I. cc. 57, 58.
3254 Against Jov. 1,20.
3255 The battle of Aix was fought in 102 b.c.
3256 The priestesses in these temples seem to have been vowed to chastity.
3257 Val. Max. 6,1.
3258 (Jr 3,3 Jr 3,
3259 (2Tm 2,20 2Tm 2,
3260 (Mt 13,8, for this explanation of the parable see Letter XLVIII).
3261 See Letter XLVIII. and note there.
3262 (Lc 13,32 Lc 13,
3263 Cf. Joh. 4,18).
3264 (1Co 6,12 1Co 6,
3265 (Mt 19,12 Mt 19,
3266 (Jb 1,21 Jb 1,
3267 (Gn 2,21, Gn 2,22 Gn 2,
3268 (Gn 2,24, LXX.
3269 (Ep 5,31, Ep 5,32 Ep 5,
3270 (Gn 3,20 Gn 3,
3271 (Gn 4,19 Gn 4,
3272 (Ap 2,9 Ap 2,
3273 (Ct 6,8, Ct 6,9 Ct 6,
3274 2 Joh. 1,In Latin ‘choice0’ and ‘elect0’ are one word.
3276 (Gn 7,13 Gn 7,
3277 (Gn 7,2 Gn 7,
3278 (Gn 8,20 Gn 8,
3279 (Gn 38,12–18.
3280 (Os 1,2, Os 1,3 Os 1,
3281 Cf Jr 5,8.
3282 (Lc 17,27–29.
3283 (Gn 1,28, Gn 9,7 Gn 9,
3284 (1Co 10,ii, R.V.
3285 (1Co 7,29 1Co 7,
3286 (Mt 3,10 Mt 3,
3287 (Qo 3,5 Qo 3,
3288 (Jr 16,2 Jr 16,
3289 Cf. Ez 24,16–18, Ez xxiv. 27).
3290 (Ps cxxviii. 3, Ps cxxviii. 6.
3291 (1Co 6,17 1Co 6,
3292 (Ps 63,8 Ps 63,
3293 (Mt 5,38, Mt 5,39 Mt 5,
3294 (Ps 45,3 Ps 45,
3295 (Mt 26,52 Mt 26,
3296 A gnostic of the second century who rejected the whole of the old testament as incompatible with the new.
3297 (Ga 4,22–26.
3298 (Gn 29,17, Gn 29,18 Gn 29,
3299 (Gn 25,22, Gn 25,23 Gn 25,
3300 (Gn 38,27–30.
3301 (Ep 2,14 Ep 2,
3302 Gomer the wife of Hosea.
3303 (Os 2,7, Os 3,3 Os 3,
3304 (Rm 11,25, Rm 11,26 Rm 11,
3305 Virg. A. iv. 32–34: 548, 552.
3306 From Tert. de Exh. Cast. xii.
3307 (Mt vi. 33.
3308 (Mt vi. 26, Mt 6,28).
3309 (1Tm 5,11 1Tm 5,
3310 (1Tm 5,2 1Tm 5, substitutes ‘love0’ for ‘rebuke.0’
3311 (Rm 12,17, cf. Letter cxvii).
3312 (Rm 2,24 Rm 2,
3313 (1Co 9,5 1Co 9,
3314 (1Co 10,29 1Co 10,
3315 (1Co 9,14 1Co 9,
3316 (1Co 4,12, 1Th 2,9: 2Co 12,14 2Co 12,
3317 (1Co 8,13 1Co 8,
3318 (Mt 6,25, Mt 6,27, Matt. vi. 34.
3319 (Gn 28,11–13.
3320 Cf. Letters 108,and 118,
3321 (Gn 32,7, Gn 32,10 Gn 32,
3322 (Mt 10,9, Mt 10,10 Mt 10,
3323 (2Co 6,10 2Co 6,
3324 (Ac 3,6 Ac 3,
3325 1 K. 19,11–13, cf. Ex xxxiii. 21–23.
3326 Cf. Juv. 1,88.
3327 Jerome follows Tertullian, Irenaeus, and the majority of the fathers in supposing the apostle to allude to the Roman Empire. See Letter CXXI. Comm. in Hierem. 25,26, Comm. in Dan. vii, 7, 8.
3328 (2Th 2,7, 2Th 2,8 2Th 2,
3329 (Mt 24,19).
3330 (Ps lxxxiii. 8.
3331 Now Maintz.
3332 Now Worms.
3333 Tribes whose memories linger in the names Amiens and Arras.
3334 See note on Letter LIV).
3335 Arcadius and Honorius.
3336 Stilicho who induced the senate to grant a subsidy to the Gothic King Alaric. See Gibbon, C. xxx.
3337 This, one of Jerome’s few criticisms on the public policy of his day, shows him to have taken a narrow and inadequate view of the issues involved.
3338 In the year 390 §.
3339 i.e. Galatia.
3340 The great Carthaginian general in the second Punic war.
3341 King of Epirus who invaded Italy in the years 280, 279, 276, 275 b.c.
3342 Hannibal.
3343 Pyrrhus.
3344 Lucan, Phars. 5,274.
3345 Virg. A. vi. 625–627.
3346 See note on Letter CXXX).
3347 (1Tm 5,13 1Tm 5,
3348 (Ph 3,19 Ph 3,
3349 Letter XXII.
3350 Letter LIV.
3351 Letter LXXIX.
3352 The ‘certain person0’ is of course Rufinus.
3353 See Letter LXXXIII.
3354 See Letter LXXXIV.
3355 (Rm 10,2, R.V.
3356 Cf. Lc 10,19: Ez 2,6.
3357 This statement is not borne out by the existing fragments of the treatise. In fact Origen declares Christ’s divinity in unambiguous language. “Being God he was made man” First Principles, I. Preface.
3362 F. P., I. 2, 9, 13. The last words are omitted by Rufinus).
3363 F. P., I. Preface, 4.
3364 F. P., I. 3, 5. The words are omitted by Rufinus.
3367 (Is 65,17 Is 65,
3368 (Rm 8,19–21, R.V).
3369 (1Co 15,53, 1Co 15,54 1Co 15,
3370 This word is doubtful.
3371 (Mt 13,8 Mt 13,
3372 Joh. 10,18.
3373 (Lc 19,10 Lc 19,
3374 The paralogism in this reasoning—so obvious to modern minds—is due to the confusion of the copula with the verb substantive.
3375 (Rm 8,20).
3376 Phaedo, 70–77.
3377 (2Tm 2,20 2Tm 2,
3378 (Ml 1,2, Ml 1,3 Ml 1,
3379 (2Tm 2,21 2Tm 2,
3380 i.e. demons.
3381 (Lc 1,41 Lc 1,
3382 Cf. Ac 16,16, A.V. margin.
3383 (Is 66,22 Is 66,
3384 (Qo 1,9, Qo 1,10).
3385 (Rm 8,20, R.V.
3386 (Rm 8,21, R.V.
3387 Joh. 17,21).
3388 Reading adversariorum fortitudinum …bella consurgere.
3389 Passim.
3390 (Ap 14,6 Ap 14,
3391 This term had not in Jerome’s time become restricted to its later sense. Anything mysterious or sacred was called a sacrament. Here it refers to the mystic teaching of the O.T.
3392 (Ep 6,12).
3393 Joh. 14,28.
3394 (2Co 4,16, Gn 1,27.
3395 (Lc 23,43 Lc 23,
3396 Joh. 13,26.
3397 (Mt 26,49 Mt 26,
3398 Joh. iv.
3399 (Lv 2,13 Lv 2,
3400 (Col 4,6 Col 4,
3401 (Mt 5,13 Mt 5,
3402 (Lc 14,35).
3403 (Lc 9,62 Lc 9,
3404 (Ac 10,3–16.
3405 (Mt 5,8 Mt 5,
3406 (1Tm 6,10 1Tm 6,
3407 (Ga 5,15 Ga 5,
3408 Lybicae Syrtes.
3409 An important city of Abyssinia in Jerome’s day, 120 miles from the Red Sea. It is now in ruins.
3410 (Gn 2,11 Gn 2,
3411 (Mt 13,45–46: Mt 6,19, Mt 6,20 Mt 6,
3412 The Old Comedy at Athens ridiculed citizens by name. Most of the extant plays of Aristophanes belong to it).
3413 Pietas.
3414 Virgil, Aen. 4,67.
3415 Pontifex.
3416 (Mc 1,6 Mc 1,
3417 (2R 4,38, 2R 4,39 Kings 6,1, 2R 6,2 2R 6,
3418 i. e. ‘garden.0’
3419 (Mt 18,8, Mt 18,9 Mt 18,
3420 (Mt 5,28 Mt 5,
3421 (Pr 20,9 Pr 20,
3422 (Jb 25,5, Jb 25,6 Jb 25,
3423 (Is 34,5, R.V.
3424 (Gn 3,18 Gn 3,
3425 (Ac 9,15 Ac 9,
3426 (1Co 9,27 1Co 9,
3427 (Rm 7,24 Rm 7,
3428 (Pr 4,23 Pr 4,
3429 (Lc 8,21).
3431 (Jr 35,6 Jr 35, Jr 35,7 Jr 35,
3432 See Letter LVIII. and note there.
3433 An allusion to the word ‘monachus,0’ ‘solitary0’ or ‘monk.0’
3434 (Ac 7,29, Ac 7,30 Ac 7,
3435 (Mt 4,19 Mt 4,
3436 (Rm 12,1 Rm 12,
3437 Letter LII.
3438 Cf. Letter CXXX).
3439 (Rm 14,4 Rm 14,
3441 (Ex 15,23, Ex 15,27 Ex 15,
3443 (Lc 12,20).
3444 (1Th 5,17 1Th 5,
3445 (Ps 19,13 Ps 19,
3446 (1Co 9,14 1Co 9,
3447 (1Th 2,9, 1Th 4,12 1Th 4,
3448 (1Co 9,11 1Co 9,
3449 Virg., G. i. 108–10.
3450 (Pr 6,8, LXX.
3451 (Pr 13,4, LXX.
3452 (Ez 16,25
3453 Cf. Letter XXII).
3454 In Letter XVIII. Jerome speaks of his teacher as one so learned in the Hebrew language that the very scribes regarded him as a Chaldaean (i.e., as a graduate of the Babylonian school of Rabbinic learning).
3455 (2Co 2,7 2Co 2,
3456 Cic., T. Q. 4,35.
3457 Esth. 2,1–4.
3458 (Ps 34,14).
3459 (Ph 4,7 Ph 4,
3460 (Ps 76,2, LXX.
3461 (Rm 12,13, R.V. marg.
3462 Pliny, N. H. 10,32.
3463 Romulus and Remus, the first of whom slew the second.
3464 (Gn 25,22 Gn 25,
3465 When Jerome wrote, these terms had but recently come into use in the West i no doubt, however, the offices described by them were of older date. Archpresbyters seem to have been the forerunners of those who are now called “rural deans.”
3466 (1Co 14,15 1Co 14,
3467 (Ep 5,19 Ep 5,
3468 (Ps 47,7 Ps 47,
3469 (Dt 27,9, R.V.
3470 Cic., Off. 1. 36.
3471 Caninam exercent facundiam. The phrase recurs in Letter CXXXIV).
3472 See also Lactantius, 6,18.
3473 The most celebrated physician of antiquity.
3474 (1Tm 6,8 1Tm 6,
3475 AEagoranmoi).
3476 (Ph 3,13 Ph 3,
3477 Imitated from Persius (I. 58–60).
3478 i.e., Rufinus who was now dead. The nickname is taken from a burlesque very popular in Jerome’s day entitled “The Porker’s Last Will and Testament.” In this the testator’s full name is set down as Marcus Grunnius Corocotta, i.e., Mc Grunter Hog. In the beginning of the twelfth book of his commentary on Isaiah Jerome mentions the “Testament” as being then a popular school book.
3479 Plautus, Aulularia, I. 1. 10.
3480 A Platonist of the third century after Christ, much celebrated for his learning and critical skill. “To judge like Longinus” became a synonym for accurate discrimination.
3481 A martinet of the old school, who did his utmost to oppose what he considered the luxury of his age. He was censor in 184 b.c.
3482 Lucr. V. 905, Munro. The words come first from Homer, Il. 6,181.
3483 (Ps 141,4, Vulg.
3484 (Ps 50,20 Ps 50,
3485 (Ps 57,4 Ps 57,
3486 (Ps lv. 21).
3487 (Qo 10,11, R.V. marg.
3488 (Ps 141,4 Ps 141,
3489 (Ga 6,7 Ga 6,
3491 (Pr 25,23 Pr 25,
3492 (Ps 78,57 Ps 78,
3493 (Si 27,25 Si 27,
3494 (Is 33,15 Is 33,
3495 (Pr 24,21, Pr 24,22 Vulg.
3496 (1Tm 5,19, 1Tm 5,20 1Tm 5,
3497 (Ps 141,5 Ps 141,
3498 (He 12,6 He 12,
3499 (Is 3,12 Is 3,
3500 (Mt 18,15–17.
3501 (Ep 5,27 Ep 5,
3502 (2Co 11,2 2Co 11,
3503 (Mt 25,1–10.
3504 (He was bishop of Massilia (Marseilles).
3505 (Nb 20,17 Nb 20,
3506 (Is xxvi, 12. LXX.
3507 Bishop of Toulouse. See Letter LIV. 11, and Pref. to Comm. on Zech.
3509 (Jn 2,14–16: Mt 21,12, Mt 21,13 Mt 21,
3510 (Gn 12,1, He 11,8.
3511 The allusion is probably to Clement of Alexandria.
3512 (Jn 5,17 Jn 5,
3513 Against Rufinus, 2,§§8–10; 3,§30; in neither place, however, does Jerome clearly state his own view.
3514 See Letter LXIX, introduction. It is doubtful whether Oceanus was in holy orders although the title ‘father0’ seems to imply it.
3515 (Qo 3,4 Qo 3,
3516 Virg., A. 4,43. It does not appear who these barbarians were. Barce is near Cyrene in Africa.
3517 (Gn 16,12 Gn 16, V. marg.
3518 Cicero, pro Milon. 4.
3519 This Fabiola (who must be carefully distinguished from the lady so often mentioned by Jerome) is probably the person to whom Augustine addressed a letter on communion with the spiritual world).
3520 This Roman lady, like her friend Marcella, took a great interest in the study of scripture. In Letter LXV. Jerome gives her an explanation of the 45th Psalm.
3521 See Letter XXIII.
3522 (Lc 2,36, Lc 2,37).
3523 (Ps 119,1 Ps 119,
3524 (Mt 5,25 Mt 5,
3525 i.e. the Indian Ocean.
3526 (Ep 5,22 Ep 5,
3527 Cf. Letter LXXIX).
3528 (Ps 119,11 Ps 119,
3529 (Ps 1,2 Ps 1,
3530 (1Co 10,31 1Co 10,
3531 (Ps 119,104 Ps 119,
3532 (Ac 1,1 Ac 1,
3533 (1Tm 5,23 1Tm 5,
3534 The successor of Athanasius in the see of Alexandria).
3535 A fragment from the Medea of Ennius relating to the unlucky ship Argo which had brought Jason to Colchis. Here however the words seem altogether out of place. Unless, indeed, they are supposed to be spoken by pagans.
3536 Magdala means ‘tower.0’
3537 (So Ewald.
3538 Joh. 18,15, Joh. 18,16, R.V.
3539 Joh. 19,26, Joh. 19,27.
3540 Tertullian goes so far as to call him ‘Christ’s eunuch0’ (de Monog. c. xvii)..
3541 Tota philosophorum vita commentatio mortis est—Cicero, T. Q. 1,30, 74 (summarizing Plato’s doctrine as given in his Phaedo, p. 64).
3542 (1Co 15,31 1Co 15,
3543 (Lc 14,27, cf. Lc 9,23 Lc 9,
3544 (Ps 44,22 Ps 44,
3545 (Si 7,36 Si 7,
3546 Pers. 5,153 Corvington.
3547 (Rm 12,1 Rm 12,
3548 In 382 a.d.
3549 (2Tm 4,2).
3550 (1Tm 2,12 1Tm 2,
3551 Literally “thickness of a nail.”
3552 The movement connected with Rufinus’ translation of Origen’s Peri AEArcwn. His coming was likened, in the dream of his friend Macarius (Ruf. Apol. 1,11), to that of a ship laden with Eastern wares.
3553 The same proverb occurs in Letter VII).
3554 Cf. Ez 34,18.
3555 i.e. That published by Rufinus. See Letter LXXX.
3556 olbio", i.e. Macarius, a Roman Christian who wrote a book on the providence of God. To him Rufinus dedicated his version of Origen’s treatise.
3557 Apparently the Roman clergy who sided with Rufinus.
3558 (Rm 1,8 Rm 1,
3559 Siricius, the successor of Damasus. He died a.d. 398.
3560 (Lc 16,8 Lc 16,
3561 (Jc 3,5 Jc 3,
3562 Rufinus obtained such letters from Pope Siricius when he left Rome for Aquileia. See Jr Apol. 3,21.
3563 398 a.d.
3564 The allusion is to the capture of Rome by Alaric in 410 a.d.
3565 (Jr 14,11, Jr 14,12 Jr 14,
3566 Emendata manu scorpii. The scorpion is Rufinus whom Jerome accused of suppressing the worst statements of Origen so that the subtler heresy might be accepted).
3567 i.e. the Origenistic heresy.
3568 (Lc 18,8 Lc 18,
3569 (Mt 24,12 Mt 24,
3570 (Ga 2,13 Ga 2, allusion is perhaps to Jn of Jerusalem; possibly to Chrysostom.
3571 (Ps 104,29 Ps 104,
3572 (Ps 146,4 Ps 146,
3573 (Lc 12,20 Lc 12,
3574 The Canaanite name for Jerusalem.
3575 By Alaric the Goth, 408 a.d.
3576 By Alaric, 410 a.d.
3577 (Is 15,1 Is 15,
3578 (Ps lxxix. 1. LXX.
3579 (Ps lxxix. 1–3.
3580 Virg. A. ii. 361.
3581 Virg. A. 6,266.
3582 (Jb 1 Jb 21, .
3583 Spes in ea magis laudanda est quam res. Cic. de Rep. Jerome again quotes the words in Letter CXXX).
3584 cf. Hor. 1 S. 1,25, 26.
3585 Nb 11,4, Nb 11,20, Numb. xi. 31.
3586 (Pr 5,3 Pr 5,
3587 (Ap 10,9 Ap 10, Ap 10,10 Ap 10,
3588 (Lv 2,11 Lv 2,
3589 (Ex 27,20 Ex 27,
3590 (Ex 12,8 Ex 12,
3591 (1Co 5,8 1Co 5,
3592 (Jr 15,17, LXX.
3593 (1Co 7,24).
3594 (1Co 7,18 1Co 7,
3595 (Gn 3,21 Gn 3,
3596 (Gn 3,25 Gn 3,
3597 Thess. 4,4.
3598 (Jr 2,13, Cisternas dissipates.
3599 (Pr 5,15 Pr 5,
3600 (1Co 7,21, 1Co 7,22 1Co 7,
3602 (Ep 5,13, R. V.
3603 Male pacatae, a pun on Pacatula, which means ‘Little Peaceful.0’
3604 Lanifica). Cf. the well-known epitaph on a Roman matron: “She stayed at home and spun wool.”
3605 Already quoted in Letter CVII).
3606 cf.Letter CXXIII. 15.
3607 Nu. 16,46–48, Vulg.
3608 (Ex 32,10 Ex 32,
3609 (Rm 9,3 Rm 9,
3610 (Is 24,2 Is 24,
3611 (Ex 32,32 Ex 32,
3612 (Pr 14,28).
3613 Cicero in his Dialogue on the Republic. Cf. Or. xxx.
3614 (Rm 12,1 Rm 12,
3615 Pontifex.
3616 (2Co 11,2 2Co 11,
3617 (Ps 45,9, Ps 45,13, Ps xlv. 14.
3618 i.e.After receiving the veil.
3619 (Ct 1,4 Ct 1,
3620 (Ps 45,13 Ps 45,
3621 (1Co 3,6 1Co 3,
3622 In the year 395 a.d.
3623 Which took place before the fall of Rome in 410 a.d.
3624 (Mt 11,8 Mt 11,
3625 (2R 1,8, Mt 3,4.
3626 (Mt 11,14, Lc 1,17.
3627 (Lc 1,41 Lc 1,
3628 (Mt 11,7–14. Jerome here borrows a phrase from Cyprian, de Op. et El. xv.
3629 (Lc 2,36, Lc 2,37 Lc 2,
3630 (Ac 21,9 Ac 21,
3631 (Est 14,16 Est 14,
3632 A virgin 13 years old beheaded at Rome uncier Diocletian after vain efforts first made to overcome her faith by subjecting herto assault and outrage.
3633 See §7 for the cruelties of the Count Heraelian.
3634 Quam habitura pronubam?
3635 Wedding songs so called from the place of their origin, Fescennia in Etruria. See Catullus LXI. for the several customs here mentioned.
3636 (1Jn 4,18 1Jn 4,
3637 (Ep 6,14–17).
3638 Virg., A. 2,774.
3639 Over Hannibal, b.c. 216. Jerome is quoting from Cicero, Brutus, III.
3640 The reference is to the siege of the Capitol by Brennus and the Gauls, b.c. 390.
3641 See note on Letter LXXIX).
3642 i.e. Juliana and Proba, the mother and grandmother of Demetrias).
3643 (Lc 16,9 Lc 16,
3644 i.e. Olybrius, the father of Demetrias.
3645 Horace, Carm. 3,3. 7, 8.
3646 (Jb 1 Jb 16
3647 (Jb 7,1 Jb 7,
3648 (Mt 4,1, sqq.
3649 (Gn 22,1 Gn 22,
3650 (Rm 5,3–5.
3651 (Rm 8,35, Rm 8,36 Rm 8,
3652 (Is 28,9, 10, LXX.
3653 (Rm 8,18 Rm 8,
3654 Heraclian, Count of Africa.
3655 Honorius.
3656 i.e. Pluto, king of the lower world.
3657 Sabinus, the son-in-law of Heraclian.
3658 Virg., A. 10,79.
3659 Jerome here apostrophizes Heraclian.
3660 Alaric the Goth.
3661 Reading dedignatus for dignatus.
3662 Virg., A. iii. 435.
3663 (Mt 13,25 Mt 13,
3664 (Ct 3,1, Ct 1,7.
3665 (Ps 63,8 Ps 63,
3666 (Jr 17,16, LXX.
3667 Nu. 23,21, LXX.
3668 i.e. The Indian Ocean.
3669 (Mt 8,12 Mt 8,
3670 Joh. 8,12.
3671 (Mt 5,25, Mt 5,26 Mt 5,
3672 (Mt 12,36 Mt 12,
3673 (Qo 10,4 Qo 10, takes ‘the ruler0’ to the devil.
3674 (Ps 40,2 Ps 40,
3675 (Ps 104,18 Ps 104,
3676 (Gn 3,16 Gn 3,
3677 (Ct 2,16 Ct 2,
3678 (Ap 14,4 Ap 14,
3679 (Qo 9,8 Qo 9,
3680 (Ct 2,1 Ct 2,
3681 (Mt 10,23 Mt 10,
3682 (Ps cxlii. 4.
3683 (Ps 104,18).
3684 (Is 11,6–8.
3685 (Qo 10,4 Qo 10,
3686 (Pr 4,23 Pr 4,
3687 (Ps 19,12–14.
3688 (Ps cxxxvii. 9.
3689 (Ps 19,13 Ps 19,
3690 Nu. 14,18.
3691 (Am 1,3 Am 1,
3692 (Ex 12,23, Ex 12,20 Ex 12,
3693 (Ps 57,7, Ps 57,8 Ps 57,
3694 (Is 23,15, Is 23,16 Is 23,
3695 See Letter CXXII).
3696 (1Co 9,27 1Co 9,
3697 (Rm 7,24, Rm 7,18, Rom. vii. 19.
3698 (Rm 8,8, Rm 8,9 Rm 8,
3699 (Ps 69,10 Ps 69,
3700 (Ps 102,9 Ps 102,
3701 (Ps 35,13, Vulg.
3702 (Dt 8,3 Dt 8,
3703 Joh. 13,15: 1P 2,21.
3704 (Mt 4,1 Mt 4,
3705 (Rm 16,20 Rm 16,
3706 (Mt 4,3 Mt 4,
3707 (Lv 23,27, Lv 23,29).
3708 (Jb 40,16 Jb 40, Letter XXII).
3709 (Jc 3,6, R.V. marg.
3710 (Os 7,4, Vulg.
3711 (Ep 6,16 Ep 6,
3712 Song of the Three Holy Children, 24.
3713 (Da 4,16, Da 4,25, Da iv. 32.
3714 (Lv 25,8 Lv 25,
3715 (Da 3,25 Da 3,
3716 (Ac 9,15 Ac 9,
3717 (1Co 7,25 1Co 7,
3718 See Letter CVIII).
3719 Mhden AEagan quoted by Terence (Andria, 61).
3720 (He 12,14, R.V.
3721 See Jerome’s commentary on the parable.
3722 (Mt 25,1–12.
3723 See Letters XXII., LII., etc.
3724 (Lc 2,51 Lc 2,
3725 Sall. Cat. 1,20.
3726 (He 13,4 He 13,
3729 (Rm 9,16).
3730 Cf. Letter XXII).
3731 The fragment of Lucilius (preserved by Cic. de Fin. V. 30) says nothing of Cato: possibly therefore the text is here corrupt. See for Cato Letter LII).
3732 (Ps 4,4, LXX.
3733 (Ep 4,26 Ep 4,
3734 (Ep 5,5 Ep 5,
3735 (Mt 19,16, Mt 19,21 Mt 19,
3736 (Lc 18,22 Lc 18, Letter CXIX).
3737 (Ac 4,34, Ac 4,35 Ac 4,
3738 (Ac 5,1–10.
3739 A philosopher of the Neoplatonic school (fl. 232–300 a.d.). Of his books against Christianity only small fragments remain.
3740 But see Letter LII).
3741 (Ga 6,10 Ga 6,
3742 See note on Letter XXII).
3743 (Pr 13,4, LXX. comp. Letter CXXV).
3744 Anastasius was pope from 398 to 402 a.d.
3745 That of the Origenists.
3746 (Rm 1,8 Rm 1,
3747 Virg. Ecl. 4,60.
3748 (Ps 19,9 Ps 19,
3749 (Ps xcii. 15.
3750 (Ps 84,6, R.V.
3751 (Ps 119,67 Ps 119,
3752 (Ps cxlii. 7).
3753 (Jn 9,2 Jn 9,
3754 A phrase borrowed from Cicero (p. Sext. Rosc)..
3755 Apparently Letter CXXIV. concerning Origen’s book on First Principles.
3756 Cf. Letter CXXV).
3757 (Ps 57,4 Ps 57,
3758 Cf. Letters LIII. and LXVI).
3759 (Ep 4,14 Ep 4,
3760 (2Tm 3,7 2Tm 3,
3761 (1Co 15,33 the words are quoted from lost comedy of Menander).
3762 The words are not extant in Petronius but occur in Martial 2,12. 4.
3763 i.e. the head of the community.
3764 Letter XXII. to Eustochium.
3765 See Letter XXII. ante.
3766 (Ex 12,11 Ex 12,
3767 (Ps 26,8 Ps 26,
3768 (Ps 27,4).
3769 Cf. Letter LII).
3770 (Is 14,13, Is 14,14 Is 14,
3771 Cf. Letter LXXIX).
3772 (Rm 7,24 Rm 7,
3773 Virgil. aeneid. 6,733, 734.
3774 Horace, Sat. I. 3,68, 69.
3775 Tertullian, against Hemogenes, c. ix).
3776 (Si 10,9 Si 10,
3777 (Rm 7,23 Rm 7,
3778 (Rm 7,19 Rm 7,
3779 (Qo 1,9 Qo 1, inverts the words of the Preacher.
3780 (Rm 11,32 Rm 11,
3781 (Rm iii, 23.
3782 (Qo 7,20 Qo 7,
3784 (Pr 20,9 Pr 20,
3785 (Ps 51,5 Ps 51,
3786 (Ps 143,2 Ps 143,
3788 (Ps 44,21, He 4,13.
3789 (Ps 1,2 Ps 1,
3790 Jerome here addresses Pelagius.
3791 (Mt 13,3, Mt 13,11).
3792 Virgil, Georg. 2,325–327.
3793 See note on Letter LXXV).
3794 (He was condemned by a council at Saragossa in 380–381 a.d. and was put to death by Maximus at Treves in 385 a.d. at the instigation of the Spanish bishops. Martin of Tours tried to save his life in vain.
3795 According to Sozomen (H. E. 6,c. 30) Evagrius was in his youth befriended by Gregory of Nyssa, who left him in Constantinople to assist Nectarius in dealing with theological questions. Being in danger, both as to his chastity and as to his personal safety on account, of an acquaintance be had formed with a lady of rank, he withdrew to Jerusalem, where he was nursed through a severe illness by Melanium. The rest of his life he spent as an ascetic in the Egyptian desert. See also Pallad. Hist. Laus., §lxxxvi.
3796 Viz., Melanium, who having sided with Rufinus in his controversy with Jerome, incurred the latter’s displeasure. The name means ‘black.0’ See Letter IV).
3797 Viz., Rufinus of Aquileia, Jerome’s former friend.
3798 These three were known as ‘the long brothers.0’ Their expulsion from Egypt by Theophilus was one of the causes which led to the downfall of Jn of Chrysostom.
3799 A contemporary Egyptian monk of great celebrity.
3800 See Letter XCII. and note.
3801 Lucretius, 1,935–937.
3802 Viz., Jn of Lycopolis, an Egyptian hermit of the latter half of the fourth century. His reputation for sanctity was only second to that of Antony. The book about monks here spoken of does not occur in the list of the writings of Evagrius in the Dict. of Chr. Biog., taken froth Socrates, Gennadius and Palladius. Rufinus’ History of the Monks bears a close affinity to the Historia Lausiaca of Palladius, who was closely allied to Evagrius; and it is possible that Jerome may have attributed Palladius’ work to Evagrius. See Prolegomena to Rufinus, and comp. Ruf. Hist. Mon. 1,with Pall. Hist. Laus., xliii.
3803 In his references (here and in his comm. on Jeremiah, book iv., ch. 22) to the Gnomes of Sixtus or Xystus, Jerome is both inaccurate and unfair. For Rufinus merely states that the author was traditionally identified with Sixtus, bishop of Rome and martyr; and he does not endorse the statement. In its present forth the book is so strongly Christian in tone and language that it is strange to find it described as Christless and heathen. Of its origin nothing certain is known, but probably it is “the production of an early Christian philosopher working up heathen material with a leaven of the Gospel” (Dict. Chr. Biog. s. 5,Xystus).
3804 It is not clear which Sixtus is meant. Sixtus I. is not known to have been a martyr and Sixtus II. can hardly be intended. For though his claim to the title is undisputed he can scarcely have written what Origen already quotes as well known.
3805 Jerome elsewhere twits Rufinus with the same mistake (see (Comm. on Jer., book iv., ch. 22). He was not, however, alone in making it, for even Augustine was for a time similarly deceived (see (his Retractations, 2,42).
3806 Cf. Against Rufinus, 1,8, 9. There is now no doubt that Jerome was wrong and Rufinus right as to the authorship of the book. See the article entitled Eusebius in the Dict. of Christian Biog. and the prolegomena to his works as issued in this series.
3807 (Ps 16,7 and Origen’s Comm. ad loc).
3808 See Against Jovinian, book 2,1. His second position is that “persons baptized with water and the spirit cannot be tempted of the devil.”
3809 (Ep 4,14 2Tm 3,6, 2 Tim. iii. 2Tm 7
3810 (2Tm 4,3 2Tm 4,
3811 (Ez 13,10–16.
3812 This legendary companion and disciple of Simon Magus is said to have been identified by him with Helen of Troy. According to Justin Martyr she had been a prostitute at Tyre.
3813 Cf. Epiphanius, Adv. Haer. lib. i. tom. ii, p. 76, ed. Migne.
3814 Jerome is alone in speaking of this emissary. It has been suggested that he may have had in mind the gnostic Marcellina, who came to Rome during the episcopate of Anicetus.
3815 Apelles, the most famous of the disciples of Marcion, lived and taught mainly at Rome. Philumena was a clairvoyante whose revelations he regarded as inspired.
3816 See Letter XLI.
3817 Constantia, sister of Constantine the Great.
3818 Lucilla, a wealthy lady of Carthage, having been condemned by its bishop Caecilianus, is said to have procured his deposition by bribing his fellow-bishops.
3819 Agape, a Spanish lady, was a disciple of the gnostic Marcus of Memphis (cf. Letter LXXV. ). She was thus one of the links between the gnosticism of the East and the Priscillianism of Spain. Elpidius was a rhetorician who spread in Spain the Zoroastrian opinions which culminated in Priscillianism.
3820 Of these sisters nothing further is known.
3821 2 Th. 2,7.
3822 (Jr 17,11, Vulg.
3823 Viz., “A man may be without sin.” See for this and the other statements of Pelagius, Aug. de Gestis Pelagii, esp. c. 2 and 6. Jerome’s Anti-Pelagian Dialogue takes these words as containing the essence of Pelagianism.
3824 (Is 8,20, LXX.
3825 Celestius is meant, after Pelagius the principal champion of free will).
3826 (1Co 4,7 1Co 4,
3827 (Rm 9,16 Rm 9,
3828 (Ph 2,13 Ph 2,
3829 (Jn 5,17 Jn 5,
3830 (Ps 34,8 Ps 34,
3831 (Ps cxi. 10.
3832 1 Joh. 4,18.
3833 (Lc 17,10 Lc 17,
3834 (Ph 3,12, Ph 3,13 Ph 3,
3835 (Is 65,5, LXX.
3836 (1Co 10,31 1Co 10,
3837 (Jc 4,13–16.
3838 (Ps 25,15 Ps 25,
3839 (Jr 10,23 Jr 10,
3840 (Pr 16,9).
3841 (Ps 94,20, LXX and Vulg.
3842 (Ps 17,4, LXX.
3843 (Mt 7,13 Mt 7,
3844 (Mt 5,44 Mt 5,
3845 autarkh", self-determined.
3847 (Rm 8,3 Rm 8,
3848 (Rm 3,20 Rm 3,
3849 (Rm 7,22–25. In the Latin as in the Greek one word does duty for ‘grace0’ and ‘thanks.0’
3851 (Rm 7,14–20.
3852 This is the well known dualism of Manes (Manichaeus), who held that the physical world and the human body are essentially evil.
3853 cf. Mt 26,41.
3854 (Ga 5,17).
3855 (Rm 7,19 Rm 7,
3856 (Rm 9,20, Rm 9,21 Rm 9,
3857 (Ml 1,2, Ml 1,3 Ml 1, Ml 9,13 Ml 9,
3858 (Jos 7,
3859 (1S iv.
3860 (2S xxiv.
3861 This objection is dealt with at lengths by Augustine (Letter CXI. See Vol. I. Series I. of this Library).
3862 (Ep 2,5 Ep 2,
3863 (Ps 32,1 Ps 32,
3864 (Mt 26,41 Mt 26,
3865 (Ps 50,16, Ps 50,17 Ps 50,
3866 Or rather, mock humility).
3867 cf. 1Co 3,2.
3868 (Os 9,11, Os 9,14, partly after the LXX., partly from memory.
3869 (Is 29,14, as quoted by Paul, 1Co 1,19 1Co 1,
3870 (1Co 1,25 1Co 1,
3871 Joh. 19,23, Joh. 19,24.
3872 (Jon 1,12 Jon 1,
3873 (Mt 12,39, Mt 12,40).
3874 Luke, 10,18.
3875 The Anti-Pelagian Dialogue, to which this letter is a kind of prelude.
3876 Cf. Letter CXXIII).
3877 (Lc 1,20–22.
3878 (Jb 42,6 Jb 42,
3880 2 Chr. 35,20–24.
3881 At this time bishop of Carthage and a friend of Augustine.
3882 Letter CXXXVI.
3883 (Tt 3,10, Tt 3,11).
3884 i.e. Jn of Jerusalem. See the next letter.
3885 i.e. Paula the younger, Eustochium’s niece, concerning whose education Jerome had written to her mother Laeta (Letter CVII)..
3886 The attack was supposed to have been instigated by Pelagius.
3887 In Jerome’s writings this title is often given to bishops. Presbyters are by him rarely so called.
3888 Pelagius would naturally be understood by Catiline, and Celestius by Lentulus, who was Catiline’s lieutenant. But it is known that, after the Synod of Diospolis which acquitted them, Celestius went to Africa, Ephesus, Constantinople, and Rome, while Pelagius apparently remained in Palestine, where he died).
3889 At this time in Palestine whither he had come as the bearer of letters from Augustine to Jerome and others.
3890 The family meant is probably the one warned by Jerome in his letter to Ctesiphon (CXXXIII, In that case the troubler of its peace is of course Pelagius.
3891 (1Tm 6,15 1Tm 6,
3892 It would seem as if Jerome, like Augustine, had at first thought favourably of Pelagius.
3893 (Ps 58,4 Ps 58,
3894 i.e. the monastic establishment under Jerome’s guidance at Bethlehem. See Letters CXXXV.-CXXXVII).
3895 That is Augustine’s to Jerome and the expected answer.
3896 In Jerome’s Letters, No. CXXXI.; in Augustine’s, No. CLXVI.
3897 In Jerome’s Letters, No. CXXXIV.; in Augustine’s, No. CLXXII.
3898 After the Council of Diospolis Jerome suffered much from the violence of the Pelagians. See Letters CXXXVI.-CXXXIX.
3899 i.e. railing.
3900 Suo sensu abundet. Rm 14,5, Vulg.
3901 i.e. Pelagianism.
3902 (2Co 10,12).
3903 At this point the text is obscure.
3904 i. e. Adam, “our first-formed father.” (Sg 10,1).
3905 (Rm 9,11).
3906 Wisdom 10,1).
3907 (2Co 12,4 2Co 12,
3908 (Mt 23,10 Mt 23,
3909 (Ac 1,7 Ac 1,
3910 (Ps 39,4 Ps 39,
3911 (Jb 14,5, LXX).
3912 i.e. you may be quite sure that souls are created by God.
3913 Letter CXXXI., ante.
3914 Letter CXXXII., ante.
3915 (1Co 7,27 1Co 7,
3916 (Mt 24,17, Mt 24,18 Mt 24,
3917 (Lc 9,62 Lc 9,
3918 (Gn 39,12 Gn 39,
3919 (Lc 14,26, Lc 14,27).
3920 Pravitates, deformities. Matt. xix. 24.
3921 (Mt 19,21 Mt 19,
3922 (2Co 8,12 2Co 8,
3923 (Lc 21,1–4.
3924 (Lc 15,20–23.
3925 (Is 32,6, RV.
3926 (Ac 6,1, Ac 6,2 Ac 6,
3927 Ad quorum preces Christi corpus sanguisque conficitur. Cp. Letter XIV).
3928 Ph. 1,1.
3929 Sacerdotes.
3930 (Ac 20,28, RV.
3931 A.V. ‘elders.0’
3932 (Tt 1,5–7.
3933 Tim. 4,14.
3934 AV. ‘of God.0’
3935 (1P 5,1, 1P 5,2 1P 5, last clause from RV.
3936 episkopo".
3937 (Mc 3,17 Mc 3,
3938 Joh. 13,23.
3939 2 Joh. 1.
3940 3 Joh. 1).
3941 Orbis major est urbe.
3942 In this passage Jerome does his best to minimize the distinction between bishops and presbyters. Elsewhere also he stands up for the rights of the latter (see (Letter LII).
3943 At Rome there were only seven, that having been the number of ‘servers0’ appointed by the apostles. (See Acts vi. and Sozomen H. E. 7,19).
3944 Contrary to the eighteenth canon of Nicaea.
3945 (Ac 6,2 Ac 6,
3946 This analogy had become very common in Jerome’s day. The germ of it is to be found in Clem. ad Cor. I. xl.
3948 (1Co 5,1 1Co 5,
3949 (2Co 12,21 2Co 12,
3950 (Lc 16,13, Lc 16,16 Lc 16,
3951 (Ph 3,19 Ph 3,
3952 (Rm 2,4, Rm 2,5).
3953 (Ex 5,2 Ex 5,
3954 (Ez 12,27, Ez 12,28 Ez 12,
3955 (Ps 73,11, Ps 73,12 Ps 73,
3956 (Ps 73,13 Ps 73,
3957 (So the Vulgate, from which Jerome quotes.
3958 (Ps 73,3–9.
3959 Cf. Mt 10,23.
3960 (Mt 10,24, Mt 10,25 Mt 10,
3961 (Lc 23,31 Lc 23,
3962 (So the Latin.
3963 (Ml 3,14, Ml 3,15, Mal. iii. 18.
3964 A writer and actor of mimes, probably in the first century of the Empire.
3965 Am. 1,3, LXX).
3966 (Ez 33,11 Ez 33,
3967 (Lc 5,31 Lc 5,
3968 Cf. Ez 16,6.
3969 (Ex 20,5 Ex 20,
3970 (Ez 3,1, Ez 2,9, 10, Vulg.
3971 (Is 28,15 Is 28,
3972 (Is 22,12–14.
3974 (Ac 6,5 Ac 6,
3975 (Ap 2,6, Ap 2,15 Ap 2,
3976 Women guilty of adultery were legally punishable with death until the time of Justinian.
3977 (Ps lxxxv. 11, Ps lxxxv. 12).
3978 Mimus, scurra, atellanus.
3979 (1Co 11,5, 1Co 11,6 1Co 11,
3980 At the Eucharistic service the gospel was commonly though not exclusively read by a deacon. (See Const. Apost. II. 57, 5, and Sozomen, H. C. VII. 19)).
3981 (Ga 4,16 Ga 4,
3982 The goddess who in the Roman pantheon presided over funerals. The gladiators meant are the so-called bustuarii who were engaged to fight at the funeral pile (bustum) in honour of the dead.
3983 i. e. by the use of depilatories.
3984 (Jr 3,3,
3985 (Ml 3,7,
3986 (Ap 3,17,
3987 Cf. Cyprian, Epist. ad Demet. xxv.
3988 (Lc 10,30–34.
3989 Joh. 11,39, Joh. 11,44.
3990 (Lc 1,79,
3991 (Mt 9,27, cf. .
3992 (Mc 10,50,
3993 (Is 30,15, LXX.
3994 (Ps 51,5, Ps 51,7,
3995 (Lc 13,11–13.
3996 (Gn 4,7, LXX.
3997 An etymological allusion. Nod = ‘ebb and flow.0’
3998 (Nb 25,6–8.
3999 (2S 13,14 2S 13,
4000 (1R 21,13).
4001 (1R 21,29 1R 21,
4002 (Ez 18,4 Ez 18,
4003 (1S 8,3 1S 8,
4004 (,
4005 (1S 4,18,
4006 (2S 6,6-7,
4007 Sacerdotes, lit. priests.
4008 (2Co 11,14-15,
4009 (Mt 7,15,
4010 i.e. to the church at large represented by individual virgins).
4011 (He 6,6, He 6,7–8).
Jerome - Letters 147