Jerome 647


140 (@1S 14,24 1S 14@,

141 (1R 19,8–11).

142 (@1S 7,7 1S 7@,

143 (2R xviii.

144 (Gn 18,23 sq.

145 (1R 21,27–29.

146 (1S 1,15, @1S 1,17 1S 1@,

147 (Da i and Da ii.

148 (Da 9,23 Da 9, A man of desires. A. V. greatly beloved.

149 The story is in the apocryphal part of the book of Daniel.

150 (Ps 102,9 Ps 102,

151 (Ps 109,24 Ps 109,


152 (@2S 12,13 2S 12@,

153 (Lv 10,9 Lv 10,

648 154 (Am 2,12 Am 2,

155 (Jr 35,18 Jr 35,

156 S. Lc 2,36.

157 S. Jerome is in accord with the Vulgate, Peshito, and certain manuscripts, but the R. V. omits S. Mt xvii. 21 (Howbeit this kind goeth not out but by prayer and fasting) and in S. Mark ix. 29 omits the words respecting fasting. S. Lc does not refer to our Lord’s supposed remark.

158 (Ac 10,4 Ac 10,

159 (2Co 11,27 2Co 11,

160 (1Tm 5,23 1Tm 5,

161 (1Tm 4,3 1Tm 4,

162 (Pr 16,26 Pr 16, .

163 S. Mt 11,12.

164 (Rm 14,3 Rm 14,

649 165 1 Rm 14,14 sq.

166 (
Rm 14,2 Rm 14,

167 (Rm 14,5 sq.

168 S. Mt 5,6.

169 S. Jn 4,32.

170 S. Mt 5,34. (Rather, not to be anxious about it).

171 S. Lc 24,42: S. Jn 21,13.

172 S. Lc 15,19–31.

173 S. Mt 16,17, Mt 16,18.

174 See above.

175 S. Mc 5,43: S. Lc 8,55. Our Lord is not related to have given the command in the case of the son of the widow of Nain, or in that of Lazarus.

176 S. Jn 12,2.

650 177 (Ac 10,10 Ac 10, our version “the housetop.”

178 S. Jn 4,6).

179 (Is 58,5 sq.

180 xvi. 29.

181 Nb 11,34. Tertullian also speaks of the graves remaining.


182 (@1R 13,24 1R 13@,

183 (Jl 1,14, Jl 2,15. Jerome agrees with the Sept). Qerapeia. The He root signifies to close or bind; hence the meaning healing. But others translate Qerapeia by worship, or service. The correct rendering appears to be a solemn assembly as in A. V.

184 S. Mt 25,34.

185 S. Mt 25,41.

186 S. Jn 8,44).

187 S. Mt 19,29: S Mc 10,29, Mc 10,30: S. Lc 18,29, Lc 18,30.

188 S. Jn 6,56.

651 189 S. Jn 14,23.

190 S. Jn 14,2.

191 (
1Co 3,16, 1Co 6,19.

192 S. Jn 17,20–23).

193 In Cyprus, where Zeno the founder of the Stoic school was born.

194 i.e., Jovinianus. Jerome for the moment addresses the reader.

195 Persius I. 128, Conington’s translation.

196 (Ez 34,17, Ez 34,20, Ez 34,21 Ez 34,

197 (Ez 34,31 Ez 34,

198 (Rm 12,3 sq).

199 (Rm 14,5 Rm 14,

652 200 (1Co 3,6 sq.

201 (1Co 3,10 sq.

202 (1Co 4,1, 1Co 4,2 1Co 4,

203 (1Co 9,13 sq.

204 (1Co 12,4 1Co 12,

205 (1Co 12,12 1Co 12,

206 (1Co 12,28 sq).

207 (1Co 13,8, 1Co 13,9, 1Co 13,10 1Co 13,

208 (1Co 13,18, 1Co 14,1.

209 (1Co 14,5 1Co 14,

210 (1Co 14,18 1Co 14,

653 211 (1Co 15,9, 1Co 15,10 1Co 15,

212 (1Co 15,22 1Co 15,

213 (1Co 15,39 1Co 15,

214 (Jb 9,9, Jb 38,32.

215 (2Co 5,10 2Co 5,

216 (2Co 9,6 2Co 9,

217 (Ep 3,10 Ep 3,

218 (Ep 4,7).

219 (Ps 73,17 Ps 73,

220 See Ac 27,23 and the context.

221 (Gn 19,18–21.

654 222 (1S 30,1 sq.

223 S. Lc 13,4.

224 (1Co 11,27 1Co 11,

225 (Ml 4,2 Ml 4,

226 S. Mt 25,13).

227 S. Jn 19,6.

228 (Sg 6,7 Sg 6,

229 (Ex 21,2 Ex 21,

230 (Lv 25,13 Lv 25,

231 S. Mt 19,29: S. Mc 10,30: S. Lc 18,30. In S. Matthew some authorities agree with S. Lc in reading “manifold.

232 (Mt 11,11).

233 S. Lc 17,5.

655 234 (Mt 14,31 Mt 14,

235 (Jr 31,31 Jr 31,

236 (Jr 31,33, Jr 31,34 Jr 31,

237 S. Mt 5,19.

238 S. Lc 14,9.

239 S. Jn 14,2, Jn 14,3.

240 S. Mt 20,23.

241 S. Jn 14,3.

242 (Ps 73,26 Ps 73,

243 Ez. 44,10).

244 (1Co 6,19 1Co 6,

656 245 Correctly, a portion of two, i.e., the portion of a first-born. Dt 21,17.

246 S. Lc 7,, S. Mt xxvi., S. Mc xiv., S. Jn xii.

247 S. Jn 17,20, Jn 17,21.


248 (@2P 1,4 2P 1@,

249 S. Jn 17,23.

250 S. Jn 1,12, Jn 1,13.

251 S. Jn 6,57 sq.

252 (1Jn 4,13, 1Jn 4,15 1Jn 4,

253 (Ga 4,19).

254 (1Co 12,22–24.

255 S. Lc 11,34.

256 (1Jn 5,16 1Jn 5,

657 257 (Jr 7,16 Jr 7,

258 (Rm 5,14 Rm 5,

259 (Sg 1,11 Sg 1,

260 (Ps 116,11 Ps 116, Ps 3,4 Ps 3,

261 (Ps 51,4).

262 (Ez 16,62, Ez 16,63 Ez 16,

263 (Ez 36,31, Ez 36,32 Ez 36,

264 Letter XXI.

265 S. Mt 20,26.

266 S. Lc 7,47.

267 S. Mt 25,15 sq).

658 268 (Ph 3,13 Ph 3,

269 (Jos 9,27 Jos 9,
270 (2S 21,1 2S 21,

271 S. Lc 12,47, Lc 12,48.

272 (Ps 119,in our arrangement of the Psalter. The psalm isdivided into twenty-two portions, which begin with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The following fifteen psalms are called in our Authorized Version, Songs of Degrees (Vulgate, graduum, steps). For the origin of the title, Wordsworth, or Neal and Littledale on Ps 120,may be consulted.

273 (Ps cxxxiv. 1.

274 Nb 34,15; Jos 14,3.

275 Nb xviii 20.

276 (Lv 16,2 He 9,7 He 9,

277 (Ex 28,etc).

278 Nb 7,5.

279 Aristippus though the disciple of Socrates, taught that pleasure was the highest good.

659 280 (Ps 120,5 Ps 120,

281 (Is 63,3 Is 63,

282 S. Jn 19,6, Jn 19,15).

283 Jovinianus’s doctrine is said to have influenced some who had taken a vow of virginity, to marry.

284 Virgil Aen. 4,172.

285 Pythagoras asserted that he had once been the Trojan Euphorbus.

286 (Is 3,16 Is 3,

287 (Jr 51,6 Jr 6,14 Jr 6,

288 (Jr 7,4 Ps 14,4, Ps liii. Ps 4
289 (Jr 28,13 Jr 28,

290 That is, coelebs from coelum.

291 (Jr 5,8).

660 292 That is, Jove).

1 (Is 13,21, Is. 13,22, and Is. 34,14–16.

2 (
Is 19,21 Is 19,

3 Quintilian, the rhetorician, was born at Calagurris, in Spain, but not the same as the birthplace of Vigilantius.

4 Combining the cheating tavern-keeper with the heretic).

5 (Jr 5,8 Jr 5,

6 (Ps 32,9 Ps 32,

7 Ibid.

8 Letter CXVII.

9 From convenio, to come together.

10 (Ac 14,11 Ac 14,

661 11 (Ac 10,26).

12 (Mt 22,32 Mt 22,

13 Apoc. 14,4.

14 Another reading is, “Shut up in the altar.”

15 Apoc. 6,10.

16 (Ex 32,30 sqq.

17 (Ac 7,59, Ac 7,60 Ac 7,

18 (Ac 27,37 Ac 27,

19 ix. 4.

20 (Jn 11,11 Jn 11,

21 (1Th 4,13 1Th 4,

662 22 vii. 35 sq. The passage occurs in the Ethiopic and Arabic versions, not in the Latin. It was probably rejected in later times for dogmatic reasons).

23 The chief of the Egyptian Gnostics.

24 (
Rm 10,2 Rm 10,

25 (Mt 26,8 Mc 14,4 Mc 14,

26 (Rm 14,5 Rm 14, each man fully assured in his own mind. R. V.

27 (Mt 25,1 Mt 25,

28 (Lc 12,35 Lc 12,

29 (Jn 5,35 Jn 5,

30 (Ps 119,105 Ps 119,

31 i.e. antidote to the scorpion’s bite).

32 Letter CIX).

663 33 (Ac 24,17, Ac 24,18 Ac 24,

34 (Ps 1,2 Ps 1,

35 (Dt 18,2 sq.

36 (2Co 8,14 2Co 8,

37 (Ga 6,10 Ga 6,

38 (Lc 16,9 Lc 16,

39 (Ps 41,9).

40 (Mt 19,21 Mt 19,

41 (Mt 20,16, Mt 22,14.

42 (He seems to mean that monks spoke of young ladies as Mothers of the Convents, so as to be able to frequent their society without reproach).

1 (Rm 8,26 Rm 8,

664 2 Novatus the Carthaginian was the chief ally of Novatian, who, about the middle of the third century, founded the sect of the Cathari, or pure. The allusion is to the severity with which they treated the lapsed.

3 Maximilla and Priscilla, who forsook their husbands and followed him, professing to be inspired prophetesses. Circ). a.d. 150. Montanus, like Novatian, refused to re-admit the lapsed.

4 That is, John.

5 (
2Co 3,18 2Co 3,

6 In Jerome’s text, “limped in both its feet.” It seemed better to give the accepted meaning.
7 (1R 18,21 1R 18,

8 (Ps 18,45 Ps 18,

9 (Pr 10,9).

10 That is, Epiphanius. See Jerome, Letter LI. c. 6. Epiphanius prays that God would free Jn anti Rufinus and all their flock from all heresies.

11 The doctrine that the Son is of “one substance with the Father.” More correctly of one essence, etc.

12 The meaning is that, where error is widespread, the Church authorities are forced to wink at speciously expressed error in the pastors.


13 (@1P 3,15 1P 3@,

14 (Jn complained of the ordination of Paulinianus, Jerome’s brother, to the priesthood by Epiphanius, for the monastery of Bethlehem).

15 (Mt 6,23).

665 16 Origen’s great speculative work “On First Principles.”

17 (
Ps 119,67 Ps 119,

18 (Ps 116,7 Ps 116,

19 (Ps cxlii. 7.

20 (Ac 2,40 Ac 2,

21 Vettius Agorius Pr‘textatus, one of the most virtuous of the heathen. Jerome writes of him to Marcella (Letter XXIII. 2): “I wish you to know that the consul designate is now in Tartarus.”

22 (Ga 1,8).

23 (Ps 139,21, Ps 139,22 Ps 139,

24 (Dt 33,9 Dt 33,

25 (Mt 10,37 Mt 10,

26 (Ps 8,3 Ps 8,

666 27 (1Co 13,9 1Co 13,

28 Eunomius held that the Son “resembles the Father in nothing but his working,” and similar doctrines.

29 Of Sebaste, in the Lesser Armenia. Epiphanius described him as an Arian. He asserted that Bishops and Presbyters were equal.

30 This probably relates to Rufinus, whose name was mentioned by Epiphanius in his letter to John).

31 (Col 1,26 Col 1,

32 (Rm 11,33 Rm 11,

33 (Ps 53,8 Ps 53,

34 Paulinianus.

35 (Ac 23,5 Ex 22,28).

36 A celebrated orator of Athens, many of whose orations are extant. B. 458, d. 378 b.c.

37 This story is from the 4th Declamation of Seneca.

667 38 Literally “devours his wrongs.”

39 (
Ps 33,6 Ps 33,

40 (Ps 104,4 Ps 104,

41 Jude 6.

42 (Ep 1,21).

43 (Rm 7,24 Rm 7,

44 The names of the officers of the Roman Legion (some of them of doubtful meaning), viz., tribunes, primicerius, senator, duce-narius, centenarius, biarchus, circitor, eques, have been rendered approximately by these English equivalents.

45 That is, apparently, with a play upon the word, Men of Mud.

46 Cor. 2,14.

47 (1Co 1,25).

48 (Jn 5,17 Jn 5,

668 49 That is, Zechariah 12,i.

50 (
Ps 33,15).

51 (Col 1,18 Col 1,

52 Jussione. Another reading, “Eâdem ratione et visione,” might be rendered, “In the same condition and the same appearance.”

53 (1Co 15,44 1Co 15,

54 (Lc 20,35, Lc 20,36 Lc 20,

55 (Mt 24,24).

56 (1Co 15,58 1Co 15,

57 That is, the reason of the seed).

58 (1Co 15,35, 1Co 15,37 1Co 15,

59 (1Co 15,42, 1Co 15,44 1Co 15,

669 60 (Ph 3,21 Ph 3,

61 (1Co 15,53).

62 (Ps 45,13 Ps 45,

63 (Ct 1,4 Ct 1,

64 (Col 1,21, Col 1,22 Col 1,

65 (Col 2,11 Col 2,

66 (1Co 15,44 Mt 22,30 Luke xx. Lc 35
67 (Lc 24,39 Lc 24,

68 (Jn 20,27 Jn 20,

69 (Gn 6,3 Gn 6,

70 (Ga 1,16 Ga 1,

670 71 (Rm 8,9 Rm 8,

72 (1Co 15,53).

73 (Mt 17,2 Mt 17,

74 (Ps 10,9 Ps 10,

75 (Ac 2,31 Ac 2,

76 (Is 40,5 Is 40,

77 xxxvii. 1 sqq.

78 (Jb 19,23 sqq).

79 Besides medulla and seminarium Jerome has qnteriwnh = inward part, or pith.

80 (Lc 1,35).

81 Ecc. 9,8.

671 82 (Mt 22,13 Mt 22,

83 (Lc 12,7 Lc 12,

84 (Jn 5,25 Jn 5,

85 Sept. “The dew which comes from thee is healing to them.”

86 (Is 26,20 Is 26,

87 (Da xii 2.

88 (Is 66,24 Is 66,

89 (Rm 6,4 Rm 6,

90 (Rm 8,11 Rm 8,

91 (Ac 7,55 Ac 7,

92 (Ex 4,6 Ex 4,

672 93 xviii. 3, 18,4. Sept.

94 (
Lc 10,34 Lc 10,

95 (Mt 27,52 Mt 27,

96 lxiii. 1 sq.

97 (Gn 49,11 Gn 49,

98 (Jn 16,33 Jn 16,

99 (Ps 45,(?).

100 (Ct 8,5 Ct 8,

101 (Ct 5,10 Ct 5,

102 Apoc. 14,4).

103 (Jn 6,39 Jn 6,

673 104 (Lc 15,3 sq.

105 (Jn 19,6 Jn 19,

106 (Lc 23,28 Lc 23,

107 (Ac 1,11 Ac 1,

108 Ib. 3.

109 (1Co 2,9 1Co 2,

110 (Jn 21,9 Jn 21,

111 (Mc 5,

112 (Jn xii.

113 (Lc 24,16).

114 (Jn xx.

674 115 (Jn 21,7 Jn 21,

116 Ib. 12.

117 Born at Cyrene about b.c. 213. He maintained that we can be sure of nothing, neither through the senses, nor through the understanding.

118 (Ac xii.

119 One of the Argonauts.

120 (Mt 14,28 Mt 14,

121 (Rm 6,4 Rm 6,

122 (1Co 15,50 1Co 15,

123 Ib.

124 Ib. 54.

125 Ib. 55.


126 (@1S 2,25@).

675 127 Laudat faciem, ad personam principum trahit. Literally, He praises the face (i.e. the person of Theophilus) and draws him on to act the part of (only fit for) princes.

128 Canon 6 says that the old customs are to hold good, that all Egypt is to be subject to the authority of the bishop of Alexandria, just as the custom holds at Rome; and similarly that at Antioch, and in the other churches the authority of the churches should be preserved to them. Canon 7 says: “Since custom and ancient tradition has prevailed to cause honour to be given to the bishop of Aelia (Jerusalem), let him have the proper results of this honour; saving, however, the proper authority due to the metropolis” (that is, Caesarea).

129 This relates to Paulinianus, who was ordained by Epiphanius, and was then living with him in Cyprus.

130 Theophilus, whose sympathies had suddenly changed, turned violently against Isidore, who had previously been his confidential friend, accused him of Origenism, and, on his taking refuge with Chrysostom at Constantinople, pursued both him and Chrysostom with unrelenting animosity.

131 Reading portantes errorem. Another reading is, “Through the error of the bearer.”

132 John, to whom the letters were really written).

133 Isidore was closely associated with the three brothers known as the Long Monks from their great size, and seems to have shared the appellation with them.

134 i.e. Jerome and his friends. This was Isidore’s report, incorporated probably into John’s letter.

135 Nb 35,30; Dt 17,6; 2 Cor. 13,1).

136 Dating probably from Jerome’s coming to Palestine. See Prefatory Note.

137 Jerome was ordained at Antioch, Vincentius at Constantinople.

676 138 That is, Jerome argues, Epiphanius, who ordained him.

139 This perhaps means, “No virtue has gone out of you—you have conferred nothing upon me.”

140 Lydda).

141 The allusion is believed to be to the Prefect Rufinus, who was at the head of the government under the young Arcadius, and whose intrigues with Alaric with a view to obtain the empire for himself led to his death in the end of 395.—Comp. Letter LXXXII. 10.

142 See Letter LI., which begins as Jn says, though Jerome denies it).

1 Letter CXXXIII.

2 Apaqeia.

3 Priscillian was Spaniard, who began to propagate his views, which were a various heresies, about the year mixture of 370. See Robertson, p. 295 sq., and Note on Jerome, Letter CXXXIII.

4 Evagrius Iberita. The name is taken either from a town named Ibera or Ibora in Pontus, or from the province of Iberia. Jerome, in the letter to which he refers, styles Evagrius Hyperborita, but this is thought to be an error for Hyborita. It has been suggested that Jerome was playing on the word Iberita. He was born in 345. He wrote, amongst many other works, a treatise Peri apaqeia" (On Impassibility), and no doubt Jerome refers to this a few lines above. He was a zealous champion of Origen. See also Jerome, Letter CXXXIII. and note.

5 The Massalians or Euchites derived their name from their habit of continual prayer. The words are etymological equivalents (Massalians, from aLx

 to pray). The perversity lay in the misinterpretation of such texts as Lc 18,1, and 1Th 5,17).

677 6 (He was a Roman lawyer. His treatise was written about a.d. See Jerome’s treatise against him in this volume.

7 See introduction to Jerome’s treatise against Jovinianus in this volume.

8 See Rufinus’ works, especially the Prolegomena, and Jerome’s controversy with him in vol. 3,of this series.

9 That is, Eusebius of Caesarea (a.d. 267–338), who was called Pamphilus from his friendship with Pamphilus the martyr.

10 Suffered martyrdom a.d. 309. He erected a library at Caesarea of 30,000 volumes. See Rufinus’ Preface to his Apology in this series, vol. iii., with introductory note.

11 See Rufinus on the adulteration of the works of Origen, in this series, vol. 3,p. 421.

12 Palladius, bishop of Hellenopolis, the biographer and trusted friend of Chrysostom, was born about 367. He visited Bethlehem about 387 and formed a very unfavourable opinion of Jerome. He highly commended Rufinus. According to Epiphanius, as well as Jerome, he was tainted with Origenism. Tillemont, however, thinks that another Palladius may be referred to in these passages. His accounts of Jerome and Rufinus are given in his “Historia Lausiaca,” c. 78 and 118.

13 Jerome was accused of envy or ill-will by Palladius. "Tanta fuit ejus invidia ut ab ea obrueretur virtus doctrinae. Cum ergo multis diebus cum eo versatus esset sanctus Posidonius, dicit mihi in aurem, “Ingenua quidem Paula, quae ejus curam gerit, praemorietur, liberata ab ejus invidia. Ut autem arbitror, propter hunc virum non habitabit vir sanctus in his locis, sed ejus pervadet invidia usque ad proprium fratrem.”—Pallad. Hist. Laus., §78, cf. §82.

14 (
2Th 2,7 2Th 2,

15 (Jr 3,10).

1 See S. Aug. De Sp. et Lit., c. i.

2 (Ps 127,1).

678 3 Pumice terere.

4 (
Rm 9,16).

5 Reading quod super artes est.

6 That is, Diodorous, surnamed Cronus who lived at Alexandria in the reign of Ptolemy Sorer (b.c. 323–285). He was the teacher of Philo. For his discussions On the Possible, Zeller’s “Socrates and the Socratic Schools,” Reichel’s translation, pp. 272, 273, and authorities there cited, may he consulted.

7 Died b.c. 207, aged 73. He was the first to base the Stoic doctrine on something like systematic reasoning.

8 S. Mt 19,24).

9 S. Mt 19,21.

10 (Jb 1,1 Jb 1,

11 This appears to be an inaccurate quotation made from memory.

12 S. Lc 1,5 sqq.

13 (Jb 16,21 Jb 16, R. V. Margin—“That one might plead for man with God as son of man pleadeth for his neighbour.”

679 14 (Jb 31,35 Jb 31,

15 (Jb 9,20, Jb 9,30, Jb 9,31 Jb 9,

16 S. Lc 1,18.

17 Ib. 20).

18 (Qo 7,21 Qo 7,

19 2 Chron 6,36.

20 (Ps 19,12, Ps 19,13 Ps 19,

21 (Ps 143,2 Ps 143,

22 (1Jn 5,18, 1Jn 5,19 1Jn 5,

23 (1Jn 1,8 1Jn 1,

24 (1Jn 1,9 1Jn 1,

680 25 (Pr 18,17, Vulg. nearly.

26 (Is 43,26, Sept.

27 (
Rm 11,32 Rm 11,

28 (Jr 23,28 Jr 23,

29 (Dt 18,13 Dt 18,

30 S. Mt 5,48.

31 (Ps 41,7).

32 (Rm 3,23, Rm 3,24 Rm 3, R. V. Margin—“To propitiatory.”

33 Cic. Lib. 4,Acad. Quaest.

34 (Ph 3,12–16.

35 From sceptomai, to keep watch.

681 36 (Pr 1,3, Sept.*

37 (
Ps 119,18 Ps 119,

38 The reading is much disputed.

39 (Ps 143,2 Ps 143,

40 Malach. 3,6.

41 (2Co 3,10 2Co 3,

42 Ib. 11.

43 (1Co 13,9, 1Co 13,10 1Co 13,

44 (1Co 13,12 1Co 13,

45 cxxxix. 6.

46 (Ps 73,16, Ps 73,17 Ps 73,

682 47 Ibid. 22, 23.

48 (
Jr 10,14 Jr 10,

49 (1Co 1,25 1Co 1,

50 (2Tm 4,7, 2Tm 4,8).

51 (1Co 12,21, 1Co 12,29, 1Co 12,11 1Co 12,

52 (Rm 9,21 Rm 9,

53 S. Lc 1,48 sq.

54 (Lm 4,6 Lm 4,

55 Ezek 16,55.

56 (Gn 38,26 Gn 38,

57 (1Co 15,28 1Co 15,

58 (Ps 62,2).

683 59 S. Jn 21,15–17.

60 (
Jc 2,10,

61 (Ps 104,24,

62 According to some, Plato: more probably, Origen, the word arcaio" being an allusion to the title of his chief work, Peri AEArcwn).

63 (1Co 12,4 1Co 12,5,

64 That is, mean.

65 (1Tm 3,2 sq.

66 Tt 1,5 sq).

67 (Ps 101,6,

68 (1S 2,24,

69 (1P 2,22,

70 S. Jn 14,30.

71 (Ph 2,6 sq).

72 Verse 24.

684 73 Literally, wash a brick (that has not been burnt). Hence (1) labour in vain, or (2) make bad worse. The latter appears to be the meaning here.

74 Virg. Georg., 4,

75 (
Rm 16,18,

76 (Ga 4,16,

77 (Pr 20,24,

78 (Jr 10,23 Jr 10,

79 S. Jn 20,11.

80 (1Co 4,7,

81 S. Jn 6,38.

82 S. Lc 22,42.

83 S. Mt 6,10.

685 84 (Ps 104,35 Ps 104,

85 (Is 1,28).

86 (Ps 32,10 Ps 32,

87 (He 12,6 He 12,

88 Verse 5. Sept.

89 S. Jn 5,28, Jn 5,29.

90 (Rm 2,12 Rm 2,

91 The reference is to the stature of Pelagius.

92 The sense of this passage is much disputed. St. Jerome was, possibly, speaking of persons who upon the whole are sincere and not merely covenanted Christians.

93 Jerome seems here to speak in his own person and to address Pelagius directly.

94 Cornuta fronte. Literally, “with horned brow.” The allusion is to the rays of light which beamed from the face of Moses, the Hebrew word bearing both meanings, ray and horn. Hence the portraiture of him with horns).

686 95 (Dt 22,4 Dt 22,

96 (Rm 12,20 Rm 12,

97 S. Mt 3,2.

98 iv. 17.

99 iv. 23.

100 x. 7.

101 A Christian of Carthage who, together with Cyprian, sent relief to the bishops and martyrs in the Mines of Sigus, in Numidia, and elsewhere (a.d. 257).

102 (Jb 14,4 Jb 14,

103 (Ps 51,5 Ps 51,

104 (1Jn 1,8 1Jn 1,

105 (Ps 19,12, Ps 19,13).

106 S. Mt 5,28.

107 Nb 35,6.

687 108 (Ez 18,23 Ez 18,

109 iii. 21.

110 (Qo 7,16 Qo 7,

111 (Rm 11,33, Rm 11,34 Rm 11,

112 (2Tm 2,23 2Tm 2,

113 (Qo 7,24, Qo 7,25 Qo 7,

114 (Rm 9,20).

* The printed text of the Eerdman’s reprint is damaged or unreadable here.

1 There was an early and widespread belief, afterwards confirmed by a decree of the Council of Ephesus, that the birth of Christ was by miracle, not y a true and proper parturition).

2 (Ep 6,12 Ep 6,

3 (Ga 5,19


4 (@1P 4,8 1P 4@,

5 (Lc 7,47).

688 6 Vulgate, Ap V. I will remember the years, etc. Marg.—The right hand of the Most High doth change.

7 LXX. A.V. Pestilence.

8 The words of the Lamentations refer to Zedekiah).

9 (Za 9,16, Sept. Correctly, they (God’s people) shall be as the stones of a crown lifting themselves up (or glittering) upon His land.

10 (
Is 3,12 Is 3,

11 v. 21.

12 vi. 5.

13 That is, according to Jerome’s rendering of the Hebrew. R. V. has "I am undone." For the Sept. rendering see below.

14 (Ps 32,4 Ps 32,

15 (Is 24,21 Is 24,

16 (Jb 25,5 Jb 25,

17 (Jb 4,18).

689 18 Mundans: not in the Vulgate nor in A. V.

19 (
Ez 32,17 Ez 32,

20 Ibid. 44,15, 16.

21 This is the sense of the Vulgate, but not the exact words.

22 (1Co 4,4 1Co 4,


23 (@1S 16,7 1S 16@,

24 (Rm 3,23 Rm 3,

25 (Ga 3,22).

1 (Pr 10,19 Pr 10,

2 By a Synod under Siricius in a.d. 390.

3 The allusion is to the African Synod, held a.d. 412, at which Celestius was condemned and excommunicated.

4 (Ps 127,1 Ps 127,

690 5 (1Co 9,24 1Co 9,

6 v. 12.

7 (Jn 5,14 Jn 5,

8 (1Co 3,16, 1Co 3,17 1Co 3,

9 (2Ch 15,2 2Ch 15,

10 The words are those of S. Barnabas. Possibly in Jerome’s copy the passage may have been attributed to Ignatius.

11 (Ps 16,4 Ps 16, and Ps 16,4 Ps 16, .

12 (Ac 13,32 Ps lxxxviii. Ps 21
13 (2Tm 4,13).

14 (Ac 23,2 sq.

15 S. Jn 18,23.

691 16 (2Tm 4,14).

17 S. Jn 6,70.

18 (Rm 2,4, Rm 2,5 Rm 2,

19 iii. 4.

20 (Jr 18,7, Jr 18,8 Jr 18,

21 Jonah 4,10, Jonah 4,11.

22 (1Co 11,6).

23 (Gn 28,20 sq.

24 (Gn 32,2 Gn 32,

25 (Gn 32,31 Gn 32, R. V. Penuel. Comp. Mt 19,4 Mt 19,

26 Ib. 30. The words are Jacob’s, but they are attributed to Moses as author.

692 27 (Gn 39,23 Gn 39,

28 (Gn 46,3, Gn 46,4 Gn 46,

29 (Ex 11,and Ex xii.

30 (Pr 3,5, Pr 3,6 Pr 3,

31 (Ps 5,8 Ps 5,

32 (Pr 16,3 Pr 16,

33 (2Co 2,16 2Co 2,

34 (2Co 3,4–6.

35 (2Co 4,7 2Co 4,

36 (2Co 10,17, 2Co 10,18 2Co 10,

37 (2Co 12,11).

38 S. Lc 5,8.

39 S. Jn 15,5.

40 S. Jn 6,44.

41 (Est 6,i.

693 42 (Ps lxxxix. 48.

43 (
Ez 18,4).

44 S. Mt 8,25.

45 S. Mt 5,8.

46 (Ps 119,1 Ps 119,

47 (Gn 17,1, Gn 17,2 Gn 17,

48 (1Co 13,9, 1Co 13,10 1Co 13,

49 S. Mt 7,11.

50 (Gn 17,1 sq).

51 (Ex 33,20 Ex 33,

52 (1Tm 1,17, 1Tm 6,16 1Tm 6,

53 i. 18.

694 54 (1Co 4,8 1Co 4,

55 (Ct 4,7 Ct 4,

56 (Ph 2,15 Ph 2,

57 (1Jn 3,2 1Jn 3,

58 See S. Aug. De Gest. Pelag. §16. The widow was Juliana, mother to Demetrias (to whom Jerome addressed his Letter CXXX. “On the keeping of Virginity”). Pelagius’ letter to Demetrias is found in Jerome’s works (Ed. Vall)., vol. 11,col. 15.

59 The whole passage, as quoted by Augustin, runs as follows: “May piety find with thee a place which it has never found elsewhere. May truth, which no one now knows, be thy household friend; and the law of God, which is despised by almost all men, be honoured by thee alone.” “How happy, how blessed art thou, if that justice which we are to believe exists only in heaven is found with thee alone upon earth.” Then follow the words quoted above.

60 S. Lc 18,11).

61 (Pr 13,8 Pr 13,

62 (Is 14,13, Is 14,14 Is 14, of the King of Babylon.

63 (Ps 38,7 Ps 38,

64 Ibid. 5.

695 65 (Ps 143,2 Ps 143,

66 Ibid. 4.

67 (Ps 116,11 Ps 116,

68 (Rm 3,4 Rm 3,

69 (Is 6,5 Is 6,

70 (Ps 120,3 Ps 120,

71 (Jc 3,2 Jc 3,

72 (Ps 22,2 Sept. and Ps 22,2 Vulgate. S. Matt 27,46, R. V., “and from the words of my roaring.”

73 S. Lc 23,46.

74 S. Lc xxiii, 34.

75 S. Mt 11,25.

76 (Ps 21,1).

77 S. Lc 18,13.

696 78 (Is 3,12 Is 3,

79 The grandfather of the Triumvir, born b.c. 142, died in the civil conflict excited by Marius, b.c. 87.

80 (Tt 3,10).

81 (Rm v 14.

82 Cyp. Ep. 64 (al. 59). S. Augustine preaching at Carthage on June 27, 413, quoted the same letter, which was a Synodical letter of a.d. 253. See Bright’s Anti-Pelagian Treatises, Introduction, p. xxi.

83 Marcellinus was the lay imperial commissioner appointed to superintend the discussion between the Catholics and Donatists at the Council of Carthage, a.d. 411. In 413 Heraclian, governor of Africa, revolted against Honorius, the Emperor, and invaded Italy. The enterprise failed, and on his return to Africa the promoter of it was put to death. The Donatists, called by Jerome “heretics,” are supposed to have accused Marcellinus of taking part in the rebellion. He was executed in 414.

84 “On the Deserts and Remission of Sins, and the Baptism of Infants,” in three books, the earliest of S. Augustin’s Anti-Pelagian treatises. It was composed in reply to a letter from his friend Marcellinus, who was harassed by Pelagianising disputants. See S. Aug. “De Gest. Pel.” §25.

85 S. Jn 3,3.

86 The “De Spiritu et Littera.” Marcellinus found a difficulty in Augustin’s view of the question of sinlessness. See Bright’s Anti-Pelagian Treatises, Introduction, p. xix.

87 Whether he who was made Bishop of Arles, in 429, is disputed. The treatise was the “De Natura et Gratia,” written early in 415.

88 Sat. 1,10.

697 89 Or, better positions have been occupied).

90 Origen held the pre-existence of souls, endowed with free will, and supposed their condition in this world to be the result of their conduct in their previous state of probation.

1 Vincentius appears to have attached himself to Jerome at Constantinople and remained with him till the end of the century. (Jerome, Against Jn of Jerusalem, 41; Apol., 3,22; Letter LXXXVIII). Nothing is known of Gallienus.

2 Flourished b.c. 270).

3 That is, Horace.

4 Sublimia debent ingredi.—Quint, 9, 4 fin).

5 Nothing is known of these men. It is very improbable that this Valerianus was the bishop of Apuleia, who must, however, have been known to Jerome).

6 Terence’s rival, to whom he makes allusions in the Prologi to the Eunuchus, Heoutontimoroumenos and Phormio.

7 Repetundarum. Properly an action to compel one who has left office to restore public money which he had embezzled.

8 Hor. Odes II., 10,19, 20.

9 Virgil, Ec., 6,10.

698 10 Ipsa testimonia. This is what he calls in other places Hebraica veritas. Jerome was right in the main in correcting the LXX, and other Greek versions by the Hebrew. He was not aware (as has been since made clear) that there are various readings in the Hebrew itself, and that these may sometimes be corrected by the LXX., which was made from older mss.

11 That is, by the obeli (†), to show what has been left out, and the asterisk (*), to show what has been inserted).

12 That is, from the copies of the LXX. commonly used in the fourth century.

13 Larger Commentaries.

14 Daughter of Paula. See Letter XXXIX.

1 Made pope 366, died 384. Jerome had been his secretary at the Council held at Rome in 382, and continued is literary services till the pope’s death, in 385).

2 That is, after being translated from Hebrew into Greek, and from Greek into Latin.

3 Aquila belonged to the second century, but whether to the first half, or to the early part of the second half, cannot be determined. He was a Jewish proselyte, of Sinope in Pontus, and is supposed to have translated the books of the Old Testament into Greek in order to assist the Hellenistic Jews in their controversies with Christians. Jerome’s estimate of him varied from time to time. In his commentary on Os ii., Is. xlix., and Letter XXVIII., etc., he treats him as worthy of credit. On the other hand, in the letter to Pammachius). De Opt. Gn Interp. (LVII. 11), he describes him as contentiosus; but in Letter XXXVI. 12, he denies that he is such. In the preface to Jb he speaks of Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion as “Judaising heretics, who by their deceitful translation have concealed many mysteries of salvation.” The second edition of Aquila’s version, which was extremely literal, was highly esteemed by the Jews, and was called by them the Hebrew verity. See Davidson’s “Biblical Criticism,” p. 215, etc.

4 Symmachus was the author of the third Greek version. He is said to have been a Samaritan by birth. The date of his version cannot be accurately fixed; but, apparently, it appeared after Theodotion’s. “He does not adhere to the text so closely as to render it verbatim into Greek; but chooses to express the same in perspicuous and intelligible language.”—Davidson.

5 Theodotion, the author of the second Greek version, was a native of Ephesus. His version is thought to have been made before 160. “The mode of translation adopted by him holds an intermediate place between the scrupulous literality of Aquila and the free interpretation of Symmachus,” and his work was more highly valued by Christians than that of either Aquila or Symmachus. Daniel was read in his version in the churches (Pref. to Joshua).

6 Lucian in Syria and Hesychius in Egypt attempted their recensions about the middle of the third century, the time when Origen also began to labour in the same direction. Lucian’s recension, also called the Constantinopolitan, and to which the Slavonian and Gothic versions belong, spread over Asia Minor and Thrace. See the Preface to the Chronicles. It was decreed by a council held under Pope Gelasius, a.d. 494, that “the Gospels which Lucian and Hesychius falsified are apocryphal.”


Jerome 647