1Maccabees - La Sainte Bible (Crampon 1904)
The name Maccabee, probably meaning "hammer," is actually applied in the Books of Maccabees to only one man, Judas, third son of the priest Mattathias and first leader of the revolt against the Seleucid kings who persecuted the Jews (1 Macc 2:4, 66; 2 Macc 8:5, 16; 10:1, 16). Traditionally the name has come to be applied to the brothers of Judas, his supporters, and even to other Jewish heroes of the period, such as the seven brothers (2 Macc 7). - The two Books of Maccabees, placed last in the Douai version of the Old Testament, contain independent accounts of events in part identical which accompanied the attempted suppression of Judaism in Palestine in the second century B.C. The vigorous reaction to this attempt established for a time the religious and political independence of the Jews. - 1 Maccabees was written about 100 B.C., in Hebrew, but the original has not come down to us. Instead, we have an early, pre-Christian, Greek translation full of Hebrew idioms. The author, probably a Palestinian Jew, is unknown. He was familiar with the traditions and sacred books of his people and had access to much reliable information on their recent history (from 175 to 134 B.C.). He may well have played some part in it himself in his youth. His purpose in writing is to record the salvation of Israel which God worked through the family of Mattathias (1 Macc 5:62)-especially through his three sons, Judas, Jonathan, and Simon, and his grandson, John Hyrcanus. Implicitly the writer compares their virtues and their exploits with those of the ancient heroes, the Judges, Samuel, and David. - There are seven poetic sections in the book which imitate the style of classical Hebrew poetry: four laments (1 Macc 1:25-28, 36-40; 2:8-13; 3:45), and three hymns of praise of "our fathers" (1 Macc 2:51-64), of Judas (1 Macc 3:3-9), and of Simon (1 Macc 14:4-15). The doctrine expressed in the book is the customary belief of Israel, without the new developments which appear in 2 Maccabees and Daniel. The people of Israel have been specially chosen by the one true God as his covenant-partner, and they alone are privileged to know him and worship him. He is their eternal benefactor and their unfailing source of help. The people, in turn, must be loyal to his exclusive worship and must observe exactly the precepts of the law he has given them. - There is no doctrine of individual immortality except in the survival of one's name and fame, nor does the book express any messianic expectation, though messianic images are applied historically to "the days of Simon" (2 Macc 14:4-17). In true deuteronomic tradition, the author insists on fidelity to the law as the expression of Israel's love for God. The contest which he describes is a struggle, not simply between Jew and Gentile, but between those who would uphold the law and those, Jews or Gentiles, who would destroy it. His severest condemnation goes, not to the Seleucid politicians, but to the lawless apostates among his own people, adversaries of Judas and his brothers, who are models of faith and loyalty. - 1 Maccabees has importance also for the New Testament. Salvation is paralleled with Jewish national aspirations (1 Macc 4:46-14:41), in contrast to the universal reign of God taught by Christ in the Gospel (Matthew 13:47-50; 22:1-14). Also, destruction of the wall of the temple separating Jew from Gentile is an act of desecration in 1 Macc 9:54 but in Eph 2:14, an act of redemption and unification of both through Christ. On the other hand, association, in 1 Macc 2:52, of Abraham's offering up of Isaac (Gen 22) with his justification by God (Genesis 15:6) is reflected in John 2:21, 22 just as the Scriptures are regarded as a source of consolation in 1 Macc 12:9 and in Romans 15:4. - The Books of Maccabees, though regarded by Jews and Protestants as apocryphal, i.e., not inspired Scripture, because not contained in the Palestinian Canon or list of books drawn up at the end of the first century A.D., have nevertheless always been accepted by the Catholic Church as inspired, on the basis of apostolic tradition. - 1 Maccabees is divided as follows: I. Introduction: Hellenism in Asia Minor (1 Macc 1:1-9) II. The Maccabean Revolt (1 Macc 1:10-2:70) III. Leadership of Judas Maccabeus (1 Macc 3:1-9:22) IV. Leadership of Jonathan (1 Macc 9:23-12:54) V. Simon, High Priest and Ethnarch (1 Macc 13:1-16:24) - (NAB)

  • édition numérique par Richard Bourret
  • Domaine public

  • Headings


    Premier livre des Maccabées



    1. Origine de la révolte
    1 Mort d'Alexandre et partage de son empire
    L'hellénisme en Palestine
    Antiochus Epiphane pille le Temple
    Paganisation du pays

    2. La révolte sous Mattathias
    2 Mattathias et ses fils
    Lamentation de Mattathias sur Jérusalem
    Début de la révolte
    Premiers combat. La question du sabbat
    Dernières paroles et mort de Mattathias

    3. Judas Maccabée
    3 Eloge de Judas, appelé Maccabée
    Premiers succès sur Apollonius et Sérôn
    Préparatifs des Syriens
    4 La bataille d'Emmaüs
    Défaite de Lysias face aux Juifs
    Purification du Temple et dédicace de l'Autel
    5 Campagnes contre l'Idumée, Baïân, Ammon
    Campagnes en Galilée et en Galaad
    Défaite de Joseph et d'Azarias à Jamnia
    Succès de Judas en Idumée et en Philistie
    6 Fin d'Antiochus V Epiphane
    La lutte sous Antiochus Eupator
    7 Avènement de Démétrius: campagne de Bacchidès
    Intrigues du grand prêtre Alkime
    Campagne et défaite de Nikanor
    8 Eloge et alliance avec les romains
    9 Mort de Judas Maccabée

    4. Jonathan
    Jonathan succède à Judas
    Premiers combats contre Bacchidès
    Le combat du Jourdain
    Bacchidès construit des villes fortes en Judée
    Mort d'Alkime
    Bacchidès, déchu, traite avec Jonathan
    10 Jonathan institué grand prêtre par Alexandre
    Offres de Démétrius à la nation des juifs
    Les juifs refusent. Mort de Démétrius
    Alliances d'Alexandre avec Ptolémée et Jonathan
    Jonathan défait Apollonius, génral de Démétrius
    11 Mort d'Alexandre Balas
    Jonathan s'allie avec Démétrius II contre Tryphon
    Jonatthan avec Antiochus et Tryphon contre Démétrius
    12 Missions de Jonathan à Rome et à Sparte
    Nouvelle expédition contre Démétrius
    Travaux de fortification en Judée et à Jérusalem
    Jonathan tombe aux mains de ses ennemis

    5. Simon
    13 Simon, chef des juifs
    Tryphon repoussé par Simon
    Funérailles de Jonathan
    Alliance avec Démétrius; prise de Garaza et de Jérusalem
    14 Démétrius fait prisonnier en Perse
    Eloge de Simon
    Renouvellement de l'alliance avec Sparte
    Décret en l'honneur de Simon
    15 Antiochus VII reconnaît Simon et enferme Tryphon
    Lettre des romains en faveur des juifs
    Antiochus devient hostile à Simon
    Invasion de la Judée
    16 Victoire des deux fils aînés de Simon
    Meurtre de Simon

    Version
    Revised Standard Version (1966) - English
    Nova Vulgata - Latin
    Biblia del Pueblo di Dio (BPD) - Spanish
    Vulgata - Stuttgart 1969 - Latin
    Bíblia Sagrada Ave-Maria (1957) - Portuguese
    CEI (1974) - Italian
    EinheitsÜbersetzung der Heiligen Sc - German